粉煤灰/煤渣砖氡污染防治的研究  

The study on fly ash/coal cinder bricks radon pollution prevention

作　　者：武林[1] 邓跃全[1] 孙婷[1] 董梦伟 曲瑞雪[1] 崔宏星[2] 尚兵[2] 

机构地区：[1]西南科技大学,四川绵阳621010 [2]中国疾病预防控制中心辐射防护与核安全医学所,北京100088

出　　处：《新型建筑材料》2015年第3期88-91,共4页New Building Materials

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(11375164)

摘　　要：采用重钙粉和聚乙烯醇水溶胶作为粉煤灰/煤渣砖的防氡材料,通过正交试验,以氡屏蔽率和抗压强度为评判指标,对粉煤灰/煤渣砖氡污染防治进行了研究。结果表明,水泥与重钙粉对氡释放量影响很大,粉煤灰和煤渣影响相对较小,煤渣、粉煤灰掺量增加,氡浓度总体上也随之增大;当重钙粉掺量增大,氡释放量降低明显;而聚乙烯醇水溶胶的用量少,对氡释放量的影响较小。加入30%重钙粉与3.0%聚乙烯醇水溶胶的砖块氡屏蔽率最高可达49.36%,抗压强度也明显提高。SEM分析表明,加入重钙粉和聚乙烯醇水溶胶,粉煤灰/煤渣砖内部大颗粒之间及表面被细小颗粒填充覆盖并相互粘合,提高了密实度,并在外表面形成致密结构,使得氡析出路径曲折,从而达到了屏蔽氡的目的。In this paper, calcium carbonate and polyvinyl alcohol gel were used as radon prevention materials to prepare fly ash/coal cinder brick,and its radon prevention performance and compressive strength were researched through orthogonal experiments. It was found that the influence of cement and calcium carbonate to radon emission were great,fly ash and coal cinder relatively small,and the radon concentration rose with the addition amount of cement,fly ash and coal cinder increasing,while decreased apparently with the calcium carbonate increasing, and as the addition amount of polyvinyl alcohol gel was small,its influence was little. For bricks formulated with 30% calcium carbonate and 3.0% polyvinyl alcohol gel,the radon prevention rate could reach 49.36%,and the compressive strength increased significandy. SEM showed that the fly ash/coal cinder brick surface and its inner particles were coated with calcium carbonate forming compact structures,which made radon release amount decrease.

关 键 词：粉煤灰/煤渣砖 重钙粉 聚乙烯醇 氡 防治 

分 类 号：TU596[建筑科学—建筑技术科学]