建筑火灾中智能疏散诱导系统对人群疏散影响的仿真  

Simulated study of the effects of the intelligent evacuation guidance system for the building fire crowd evacuation

作　　者：郑斌 冉海潮[2] 

机构地区：[1]石家庄市公安消防支队,石家庄050054 [2]河北科技大学环境科学与工程学院,石家庄050018

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2015年第1期167-171,共5页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：河北省自然科学基金项目(601260)

摘　　要：采用改进的元胞自动机模型,引入视觉效应和听觉效应系数,模拟不同人员在混合行为模式下的疏散过程,通过改变诱导信号对人群疏散的作用范围,研究智能疏散诱导系统的视觉诱导、听觉诱导及双重诱导对人员疏散过程的影响,给出一种基于多参数的智能动态标识算法。结果表明:该系统通过对声、光指示器等诱导标识的实时控制,给出人群疏散的动态标识路径,指示疏散人员选择合理的疏散行为模式,从而提高疏散效率;在不同行为模式下,借助声、光双重诱导机制,选择正确的疏散诱导标识的数量、位置和方向,扩大疏散诱导标识的影响范围,可以有效缩短疏散时间;根据基于多参数的智能动态标识算法,控制动态疏散线路标识的工作状态,给出疏散人群的动态标识路径,能够提高人群的疏散效率。The paper is to bring about a simulated study of the effects of the intelligent evacuation guidance system for the building fire crowd evacuation. As one of the chief security measures for the people in the building to evacuate,this paper aims at simulating an evacuation pattern of different crowds under the mixed behavior mode by using a renovated cellular automaton model（ CA）. Besides,we have done an analysis of the auditory conditions in the building fire in-situ,with a visual and dual induction of the Intelligent Evacuation Guidance System（ IEGS） on evacuation brought about in hoping to change the impact limit of the induction signals on the evacuation crowd and presented an intelligent dynamic identification algorithm based on the study of the multiple parameters. The results of the simulation show that the Intelligent Evacuation Guidance System can offer a dynamic evacuation route via the real-time control of the inducing signals,such as the sound and light indicators,and guide the crowd under the fire to choose the most feasible behavior pattern so as to enhance the efficiency of evacuation. Under the different behavior patterns,it would be possible to effectively reduce the evacuation time via the dual inducing mechanism of the sound and the light if a crowd manages to choose the appropriate number,location and direction of the induction signals,and enlarge the impact range of those signals. In addition,based on the intelligent dynamic identification algorithm,the evacuation efficiency can be expected to be raised by controlling the working status of induction signals to provide people with dynamic evacuation route. Thus,the simulation research in this paper can not only provide a scientific basis for developing new light sources and sound devices,including a number of ways of installation and facilities in the IEGS,but also serves as a theoretical basis for formulating a new Intelligent Evacuation Guidance System and creating the induced control strategies.

关 键 词：安全工程 智能疏散诱导系统 元胞自动机模型 视觉诱导 听觉诱导 人群疏散 

分 类 号：X956[环境科学与工程—安全科学] TU998.1[建筑科学—市政工程]