建筑火灾中智能疏散诱导系统对人群疏散的影响  

Influence of the intelligent evacuation guidance system on the crowd evacuation in case of building fire

作　　者：冉海潮[1] 孙丽华[1] 郭英军[1] 

机构地区：[1]河北科技大学安全工程系,石家庄050018

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2015年第1期172-175,共4页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：河北省自然科学基金项目(601260)

摘　　要：在自制的"黑屋"试验平台上,模拟真实火灾场景,分析了智能疏散诱导系统中安全疏散标识的视觉诱导、声音诱导对人群疏散的影响规律。结果表明:声音诱导与视觉诱导相比,能见度较好时视觉诱导的疏散效率较高;能见度低时声音诱导的疏散效率较高,但安装间距在3 m以内时,视觉诱导的疏散效率较高;疏散之初安全标识的位置对疏散影响明显,随火灾态势的发展和能见度的降低,安全标识的间距对疏散影响显著;正对疏散通道的安全疏散出口利用率最高。In this paper,we would like to make an analysis of the effects of the visual and sound inducing safety signs on the crowd evacuation via simulating the real fire scenario on the experimental platform of the ＂black house＂. The results indicate that the visual induction turns to have higher efficiency than the sound one in its better visibility,whereas the sound induction has higher efficiency in the condition of lower visibility. Moreover,we have also found that,when the installation distance is within 3 m,the visual induction allows for higher efficiency than the sound one.Thus,it has made it necessary to combine the sound induction with the visual one according to the environmental parameters of the buildings to result in a reasonable acousto-optic inducing mechanism in the actual engineering projects. Nevertheless,if the installation distance keeps constant,the space suspension mode can be expected to display a better performance for the crowd evacuation if the visibility of the smoke fire were to be better at the initial stage and then the visibility would be worsened as the smoke concentration gets increased. In such a situation,the ground installation evacuation mode can be made to have a better performance. However,when the installation position is constant,the installation distance of the space suspension mode would have less effect on the crowd evacuation than the ground-level installation model. Therefore,the ground installation mode and the space suspension mode should be jointly used in the actual fire situations,though the installation distance should be made reasonable and rational. If the space suspension mode is focused on the smoke fire initial stage,the distance should be relaxed to 10 m.However,if the ground installation mode focuses on the later stage of a smoke-fire,the distance should be better limited within a distance of 3 m. The safety evacuation exits facing the evacuation passageway can be expected to have the highest utilization rate on the crowd evacuation. The increase of the evac

关 键 词：安全工程 建筑智能化 智能疏散诱导系统 动态标识 性能化设计 火灾 

分 类 号：X956[环境科学与工程—安全科学] TU998.1[建筑科学—市政工程]