基于生态毒性的再生水补给河流氨氮控制目标研究  

On the ammonia-control demand of the reclaimed water from the urban river augmentation on the basis of the ecological toxicity evaluation

作　　者：刘瑶瑶[1,2] 吴乾元[2] 孙迎雪[1] 李昂[2,3] 胡洪营[2,3] 

机构地区：[1]北京工商大学环境科学与工程系,北京100038 [2]清华大学深圳研究生院深圳市环境微生物利用与安全控制重点实验室,广东深圳518055 [3]清华大学环境学院环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室,国家环境保护环境微生物利用与安全控制重点实验室,北京100084

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2015年第1期203-207,共5页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2012ZX07302-002);水利部公益项目(201201033)

摘　　要：再生水补给河流是解决城市景观用水缺乏的重要途径,但是再生水中的氨氮,特别是游离氨对水生生物的毒害作用也不容忽视。针对再生水补给河流的典型场景,根据物种敏感度分布法（Species Sensitivity Distribution,SSD）,计算得到游离氨的属急性毒性基准最大质量浓度（Criterion Maximum Concentration,CMC）为0.093 mg/L。以保护95%水生生物为目标的河水氨氮控制目标分别为4.37 mg/L（水温T≤12℃）和1.73 mg/L（水温T〉12℃）。根据再生水补给河流的不同比例（体积比）,计算再生水的氨氮控制目标。当河流上游来水分别满足地表水环境质量标准Ⅳ、Ⅴ类水体要求和CMC值,再生水占混合后河水的比例为20%-100%且水温T〉12℃时,再生水氨氮控制目标分别为1.7-2.6 mg/L、0.6-1.7 mg/L和1.7 mg/L;当河流上游来水分别满足Ⅳ、Ⅴ类水体要求,再生水占混合后河水的比例为50%-100%且水温T≤12℃时,再生水氨氮控制目标分别为4.4-7.2 mg/L和4.4-6.7 mg/L。当河水全部由再生水组成时,推荐再生水的氨氮控制目标为1.7 mg/L（水温T〉12℃）和4.4 mg/L（水温T≤12℃）。The present paper is aimed at introducing the actual demand to control the ammonia content ratio of the reclaimed water to be applied to the urban river water shortage. As is known,it has become more and more important to increase the water share of the urban rivers to improve the urban landscape as well as the ecological environment in China＇s context. However,ammonia in the reclaimed water,especially,the free ammonia,tends to bring about somewhat toxicity to the aquatic organisms. It is for this purpose that we have worked out the maximal tolerable value of ammonia in the regular quality standard for the reclaimed river water,which should be equal to 0. 093 mg / L. The reason is that it is only when the aforementioned reclaimed river water reaches such a maximal tolerable ammonia limit,i. e.,4. 4 mg / L（T≤12 ℃） and 1. 7 mg /L（T 〉12 ℃）,that it can protect at least95% of the living aquatic organisms in the rivers. The above condition for degrading the characteristic features of ammonia under the different river hydrologic conditions has been investigated and determined by us as a result of research of the maximum tolerable ammonia limit for the reclaimed water oriented for the said purpose. More specifically speaking,it is only when the water quality of the upstream river reaches class four and five of the environmental quality standard for the surface water that the part of the reclaimed water can reach over 20% that the temperature of the total river water can be kept and maintained at 12 ℃ or below,with the maximum limit of ammonia ranging between 1. 7-2. 6 mg /L and 0. 6-1. 7 mg / L. It is also only when the water quality of upstream river water reaches class four and five of the environmental quality standard,the part of the reclaimed water can reach over50% with its temperature less than or equal to 12 ℃,with the maximum ammonia limit ranging between 4. 4-7. 2 mg / L and 4. 4-6. 7 mg / L. And,finally,when the ratio of the reclaimed water to river water reaches 100%,it can be predicted

关 键 词：环境学 生态风险评价 再生水 氨氮控制标准 物种敏感度分布 水质标准 

分 类 号：X820.4[环境科学与工程—环境工程]