2000-2012年医院感染与抗菌药物使用综合分析  

Systematic review of studies on prevalence rate of nosocomial infections and use of antibiotics in 2000-2012

作　　者：王会中[1] 祝丙华[2] 陈倩[1] 王茹[1] 杨继勇[3] 

机构地区：[1]解放军第305医院检验科,北京100017 [2]解放军第305医院感染控制科,北京100017 [3]解放军总医院微生物科,北京100853

出　　处：《中华医院感染学杂志》2015年第6期1291-1293,共3页Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology

基　　金：国家科技重大专项基金资助项目(2013ZX10004202-002-002)

摘　　要：目的：对2000－2012年我国有关医院感染现患率和抗菌药物使用率的相关研究结果进行综合分析，探索此间的规律性结果，为后续相关工作提供帮助和借鉴。方法使用“现患率”作为关键词通过中国知网（http ：／／www ．cnki ．net／）和万方数据（http ：／／www ．wanfang ．com ．cn／）进行检索，将每项研究的现患率和抗菌药物使用率数据录入 GraphPad Prism 软件中，汇总后绘制散点图。结果2000－2012年共有228篇论文的336项研究符合要求而被纳入该研究，这些研究涵盖除西藏、宁夏、青海和港澳台地区以外其他省份的1708所医院；12年中我国的医院感染现患率呈现逐年下降的趋势，主体数据由21世纪初的5．0％～7．0％降至2012年的2．0％～4．0％；与此同时，抗菌药物使用率在整体上呈缓慢下降趋势，抗菌药物使用量的增加并未改善医院感染，甚至还略有上升，而低强度的抗菌药物使用也不会使医院感染恶化。结论持续的医院感染防控措施改进在我国医院收效显著；合理使用抗菌药物应控制药物的使用量，特别是一些对目前流行病原菌疗效较差的抗菌药物。OBJECTIVE To systematically analyze the results of studies with respect to the prevalence rate of noso -comial infections and utilization rates of antibiotics in China from 2000 to 2012 and explore the regular patterns during the period of time so as to provide guidance for the subsequent work .METHODS The ＇prevalence rate＇was used as the key word to retrieve the http ：//www .cnki .net/ and http ：//www .wanfang .com .cn/ ,then the data regarding the prevalence rate and utilization rates of antibiotics in each study were input into the GraphPad Prism software to draw the scatter plots .RESULTS From 2000-2012 ,totally 228 papers with 336 researches involved were included in the study ,covering 1 708 hospitals in all provinces except Tibet ,Ningxia ,Qinghai ,Hongkong , Macao ,and Taiwan .The prevalence rate of nosocomial infections showed a downward trend during the 12 years , decreasing from 5 .0% -7 .0% in the beginning of the century to 2 .0% -4 .0% in 2012 ,meanwhile ,the utilization rate of antibiotics showed a slow downward trend on the whole ;the increase of dosage of antibiotics did not reduce the prevalence rate of nosocomial infections and even made it slightly increased ,however ,the use of low-dose anti-biotics may not result in the increase of the prevalence rate of nosocomial infections .CONCLUSION The continuous improvement of prevention measures has achieved significant effect on the control of nosocomial infections in Chi -na ,and it is necessary to reasonably use antibiotics and control the dosage of the antibiotics ,especially the antibi-otics that have poor effect on the prevalent pathogens .

关 键 词：医院感染 抗菌药物 现患率 综合分析 

分 类 号：R978.1[医药卫生—药品]