舞毒蛾卵平腹小蜂发育与温度的关系及子代性比控制  

Relationship between the environmental temperatures and development of Anastatus disparis( Ruschka)( Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae) and the sex ratio control of the offspring

作　　者：刘鹏程[1] 魏建荣[1] 王建军[2] 刘金祥 董丽君[1] 

机构地区：[1]河北大学生命科学学院,河北保定071002 [2]辽宁省林业科学研究院,辽宁沈阳110032 [3]河北省围场县森林病虫害防治检疫站,河北围场068450

出　　处：《中国森林病虫》2015年第2期9-14,共6页Forest Pest and Disease

基　　金：河北大学自然科学研究计划项目(2010-205);林业公益性行业科研专项项目(200904029)

摘　　要：舞毒蛾卵平腹小蜂Anastatus disparis是几种鳞翅目害虫重要的卵寄生蜂。为了在大规模繁殖舞毒蛾卵平腹小蜂时控制小蜂发育进度及繁殖一定雌雄性比的小蜂种群,以柞蚕Antheaea pernyi卵为替代寄主,设置不同的温度梯度,研究该蜂雌雄个体发育与温度的关系,比较交配与未交配雌蜂的子代数量、寿命等差异。结果表明:舞毒蛾卵平腹小蜂雄蜂发育所需有效积温(290.15±3.48)℃低于雌蜂(338.88±3.66)℃,雌雄个体发育起点温度均在13℃左右;子代羽化率与发育温度呈显著正相关;子代雌蜂羽化数量与发育温度,子代雌雄性比与不同温度下的羽化率分别呈正相关性;交配与否对雌蜂所产子代数量、寿命及产卵期无明显影响,但未交配雌蜂一生平均产子代量(332.34±37.47)略低于交配雌蜂的(421.88±37.122);交配雌蜂每日所产子代雌雄性比与雌蜂龄期呈显著负相关关系。总结出室内控制舞毒蛾卵平腹小蜂发育进度、繁殖一定雌雄性比小蜂种群的方法。为保持野外种群结构稳定、提高生防效力,提出"释放与自然种群雌雄性比相近天敌种群"的应用策略。Anastatus disparis is an important egg parasitoid of several noxious Lepidoptera species. In order to control the development speed of A. disparis,the relationship between the development of the wasp and environmental temperature was studied at five different environmental temperatures by using eggs of Antheraea pernyi as the substitute host. It was supposed that releasing natural enemy population with a certain sex ratio would benefit both the wild parasitoid population and biological control effect of pest. Mass rearing a presetting sex ratio of A. disparis population was studied by control the quantity of both mated and unmated maternity. The results showed that the effective accumulated temperature of A.disparis male（ 290. 15 ± 3. 48） ℃ was lower than that of female（ 338. 88 ± 3. 66） ℃. The developmental threshold temperature of male and female were all around 13 ℃. The results further showed that progeny eclosion rate was significantly positive-correlated with the development temperature. Moreover,the number of female offspring and sex ratio were significantly positive-correlated with the development temperature and eclosion rate,respectively. Whether females were mated or not did not affect the number,life-span and oviposition period of the offspring produced by them,but the total number of the offspring produced by the unmated female was somehowlower than that of the mated female. The daily sex ratio of the offspring of mated female was significantly negative-correlated with the age of female.Based on these results,methods were developed to control the development speed and the sex ratio of A. disparis population in the mass rearing. To improve the biological control efficacy and keep the stability of wild population,a more delicate application strategy of A. disparis,＂releasing A. disparis population with the sex ratio similar to that of wild population＂,was put forward.

关 键 词：舞毒蛾卵平腹小蜂 有效积温 发育起点温度 性比 大量繁殖 

分 类 号：S763.306.4[农业科学—森林保护学]