农田小气候自动观测系统温度梯度观测设计  

Design of Temperature Vertical Gradients for Automatic Farmland Microclimate Observation System

作　　者：李翠娜[1,2,3] 张雪芬[1] 李肖霞[1] 张鑫[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国气象局气象探测中心,北京100081 [2]中国科学院大气物理研究所大气科学和地球流体力学数值模拟国家重点实验室,北京100029 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《气象科技》2015年第1期8-14,共7页Meteorological Science and Technology

基　　金：中国气象局大气探测重点开放实验室开放课题(KLAS201112)资助

摘　　要：垂直梯度是小气候观测的突出特点,为研究矮杆作物和高杆作物农田小气候合理的梯度观测设计标准,以小麦和玉米为例,对2012年郑州和泰安两地麦田和玉米田气温和裸温垂直梯度变化特征进行分析,结果表明:气温与裸温的垂直梯度变化在时间和空间分布上均有很好的一致性,可利用裸温不同层次间垂直梯度变化特征确定气温传感器合理的安装高度;根据麦田和玉米田裸温垂直梯度变化特征,考虑到温度防辐射罩高度限制,矮杆作物田小气候气温应在距离地表面25cm、50cm和150cm高度附近分别设置观测层次,高杆作物田小气候气温应在距离地表面25cm、50cm、150cm和300cm高度附近设置观测层次。Vertical gradient observation is one of the most prominent characteristics for automatic farmland microclimate observation.There are different vertical gradient design schemes,which result in the observed data comparability and value reduced in the agrometeorological operational observation,because of the wide variety of farmland microclimate and complex surface vegetation conditions in the theoretical and applied research fields.Based on the observed data of microclimate stations during the whole winter wheat and maize growth periods in 2012 in Tyan and Zhengzhou,the vertical gradient variation characteristics of temperature and bare temperature and vertical gradient design standards for farmland microclimate are studied.The results indicate that the vertical gradient characteristics of temperature have agood consistency with bare temperature in time and space.According to the bare temperature vertical gradient variation in the wheat and maize fields,taking into account the restrictions of radiation shield heights,the observation heights should be set at 25cm,50cm and 150cm above the ground for wheat fields,respectively,while the observation heights should be set at 25 cm,50cm,150cm and 300cm above the ground for maize fields.

关 键 词：农田小气候 梯度观测 气温 裸温 

分 类 号：S162.4[农业科学—农业气象学]