淮北平原麦田机械化农事活动土壤湿度和降雨量指标  

Establishment of Soil Moisture and Precipitation Indexes for Mechanized Farming Activities in Huaibei Plain

作　　者：李德[1] 孙有丰[1] 孙义[1] 钱平海 赵雪松[1] 

机构地区：[1]安徽省宿州市气象局,宿州234000

出　　处：《气象科技》2015年第1期125-132,共8页Meteorological Science and Technology

基　　金：淮河流域气象开放研究基金项目"皖北砂姜黑土地小麦主要发育期干旱监测指标研究"(HRM201109);国家公益性(气象)行业专项项目"淮河流域主要农作物旱涝损失精细化评估技术"(GYHY201006027)共同资助

摘　　要：为确定麦田机械化农事活动实施的气象指标,利用多年农事活动与同期降水和土壤湿度观测记载资料,采用数理统计方法,确定了安徽淮北平原麦田主要机械化农事活动的土壤湿度和降雨量指标。结果表明,麦田适宜整地（施肥）、播种和收获活动的土壤相对湿度指标分别为57.8%~87.0%、64.3%~89.9%、≤46.7%。麦田土壤相对湿度在50%和55%时,一次降雨过程结束后,适宜进行整地（施肥）、播种和收获活动的雨量指标分别是10~25mm、20~25mm、≤3mm和3~20mm、5~25mm、≤3mm;麦田土壤相对湿度在70%和80%时,适宜整地（施肥）与播种活动的雨量指标分别为3~5mm、3~10mm和3mm以下、5mm以下,但麦田土壤相对湿度在80%以上时,发生任何量级的降雨后,均不适宜开展收获、整地（施肥）和播种活动。To establish the meteorological index for farming activities of wheat,the precipitation and soil moisture indexes for the main mechanized farming activities in Anhui Huaibei Plain are designed though qualitative and quantitative statistical analysis,based on the historical data of farming activities and contemporaneous precipitation and soil moisture data of many years.The results show that in wheat fields,the suitable soil moisture indexes for soil preparation（fertilization）,sowing,and harvesting are 57.8%to 87.0%,64.3% to 89.9%,and ≤46.7%,respectively.When the soil moisture index is between 50% and 55%,after a rainfall process,the suitable precipitation indexes for soil preparation（fertilization）,sowing and harvesting are 10 to 25mm,20 to 25mm,and≤3mm,as well as 3 to 20 mm,5 to 25 mm,and≤3mm,respectively.When the soil moisture is 70%,the precipitation indexes for soil preparation and sowing are 3 to 5mm and 3 to 10 mm.However,when the soil moisture is 70% to 80%,no matter how much the precipitation is,it is not suitable for harvesting,sowing,and soil preparation.

关 键 词：麦田 机械化 农事活动 土壤湿度 降雨量 指标 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学]