奈诺沙星体外抗菌作用研究  

In vitro activities of nemonoxacin against clinical isolates from Shanghai,China

作　　者：朱德妹[1] 吴培澄[1] 胡付品[1] 吴湜[1] 叶信予[1] 张婴元[1] 

机构地区：[1]复旦大学附属华山医院抗生素研究所,卫生部抗生素临床药理重点实验室,上海200040

出　　处：《中国感染与化疗杂志》2015年第2期97-112,共16页Chinese Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy

基　　金：国家科技部"重大新药创制"科技重大专项(2012ZX 09303004-001)

摘　　要：目的评价奈诺沙星对临床分离菌的体外抗菌作用。方法琼脂对倍稀释法测定奈诺沙星对1 263株临床分离菌和肉汤微量稀释法测定51株支原体属的体外抗菌活性、杀菌浓度、杀菌曲线以及培养条件对其抗菌活性的影响。结果奈诺沙星对甲氧西林耐药葡萄球菌、青霉素不敏感肺炎链球菌均具高度抗菌活性,对粪肠球菌的抗菌活性略低。其对革兰阳性球菌的抗菌活性明显优于左氧氟沙星、环丙沙星和莫西沙星。奈诺沙星对多数肠杆菌科细菌、洛菲不动杆菌和嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌等不发酵糖革兰阴性杆菌具良好抗菌作用,对嗜血杆菌属、卡他莫拉菌具高度抗菌活性,但对淋病奈瑟菌的抗菌作用差。该药对肠杆菌科细菌和多数不发酵糖革兰阴性杆菌(除了鲍曼不动杆菌和铜绿假单胞菌)的抗菌作用与其他受试喹诺酮类大致相仿,或略差。奈诺沙星对消化链球菌和痤疮丙酸杆菌等厌氧菌以及肺炎支原体具有良好的抗菌活性。奈诺沙星对受试的革兰阳性球菌和革兰阴性菌均具杀菌作用。培养条件中pH和细菌接种菌量的改变对奈诺沙星体外抗菌活性无明显影响,但血清蛋白含量增高时可降低奈诺沙星的抗菌活性。结论奈诺沙星对需氧革兰阳性菌、革兰阴性菌、部分厌氧菌和肺炎支原体等具有广谱抗微生物活性,尤其对甲氧西林耐药金黄色葡萄球菌、青霉素不敏感肺炎链球菌具有高度抑菌和杀菌活性,优于其他受试氟喹诺酮类抗菌药物。Objective To evaluate the in vitro activity of new fluoroquinolone nemonoxacin against clinical isolates.Methods The minimum inhibitory concentrations（MICs）of nemonoxacin were determined for 1 263 bacterial strains by means of agar dilution method and for 51 Mycoplasmastrains by brouth microdilution.The test strains were recent clinical isolates collected from16 hospitals in Shanghai,China.The MICs of nemonoxacin were compared with selected comparators.Results The results showed that nemonoxacin had broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity.Nemonoxacin showed potent antibacterial activity against aerobic gram-positive cocci,including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus and penicillin non-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae with the exception of Enterococcus faecium.Its activity was slightly lower for Enterococcus faecalis.The in vitro activity of nemonoxacin was significantly better than that of levofloxacin,ciprofloxacin and moxifloxacin against gram positive cocci.Nemonoxacin also had good antibacterial activity against majority of Enterobacteriaceae strains,some glucose nonfermentative bacteria such as Acinetobacter lwoffii and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Nemonoxacin showed potent antibacterial activity against Hemophilus spp. and Moraxella catarrhalis.However,its activity was poor for Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Nemonoxacin was essentially comparable to or slightly poorer than the fluoroquinolones tested in the activity against Enterobacteriaceae strains,and most strains of non-fermentative bacteria excluding A.baumannii and P. aeruginosa. Nemonoxacin also demonstrated good activity against anaerobic organisms such as Peptostreptococcus and Propionibacterium acnes.Nemonoxacin had strong antimicrobial activity against Mycoplasma pneumoniae.Nemonoxacin had bactericidal activity against both the gram-positive cocci and gram-negative bacilli tested.In the test of culture conditions,pH of culture media and inoculum size did not show significant effect on the in vitro antibacterial activity of nemonoxacin.However,hi

关 键 词：奈诺沙星 药物敏感性试验 抗菌药物 最低抑菌浓度 

分 类 号：R446.5[医药卫生—诊断学]