增温对半干旱区春小麦田间水分特征的影响  

Effect of Warming on Field Water Characteristics of Spring Wheat in Semi-arid Area

作　　者：张凯[1,2] 王润元[1] 王鹤龄[1] 赵鸿[1] 阳伏林[1] 赵福年[1] 雷俊 

机构地区：[1]中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所,中国气象局干旱气候变化与减灾重点实验室,甘肃省干旱气候变化与减灾重点实验室,甘肃兰州730020 [2]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,甘肃兰州730000 [3]甘肃省定西市气象局,甘肃定西743000

出　　处：《干旱气象》2015年第1期52-58,共7页Journal of Arid Meteorology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目"气温升高和降水波动对半干旱区春小麦协同影响"(41305134);国家公益性行业(气象)科研专项"农田水分利用效率对气候变化的响应与适应技术"(GYHY201106029);国家重点基础研究发展计划"全球变化对干旱半干旱区的影响与适应对策"(2012CB955304)共同资助

摘　　要：采用红外线辐射器增温法，通过增温模拟试验研究了增温对半干旱区春小麦田间水分特征的影响。结果表明，随着温度增加，叶片水势不断降低，增温1．0℃和2．0℃的春小麦叶片水势比没有增温的春小麦叶片水势日平均分别降低了2．61％和4．45％。土壤水势随着土层深度的加深呈缓慢增加趋势。温度增加，不同土层深度的土壤水势均呈不断降低的趋势，温度增加越多，降幅越大；增温与土壤含水量之间存在着显著的负相关关系。增温能够明显降低春小麦田间土壤贮水量，增加农田总蒸散量。在高温情况下，湿润处理增加了土壤总贮水量，尤其是在拔节期以后。春小麦0～160 cm土壤贮水消耗量在100 cm以上随温度的增加呈逐渐增加的趋势，而在100 cm以下深层变化趋势不明显。增温2℃，湿润处理0～160 cm土壤贮水消耗量要高于正常供水和干旱处理。In order to study the effect of warming on field water characteristics of spring wheat,the field experiments that temperature was increased by an infrared radiator were designed at Dingxi experiment station in semi-arid area of the Loess Plateau in central Gan-su. The results showed that with the increase of temperature,leaf water potential was lowered. Compared with no warming,warming of 1. 0 ℃ and 2. 0 ℃ reduced daily average leaf water potential by 2. 61% and 4. 45%,respectively. Soil water potential increased with increase of soil depth gradually. With the increase of temperature,soil water potential at different soil depth showed a decreasing trend, the higher temperature was,the greater decline of soil water potential was. There was negative correlation between warming and soil wa-ter content. Warming significantly decreased soil water storage of spring wheat,and increased evapotranspiration. Under the conditions of warming 2 ℃,irrigation increased the total storage capacity of soil,especially after jointing stage. Soil water consumption amount increased with the increase of temperature （0-100 cm）,while the variation tendency of soil water consumption amount was not obvi-ous （100-160 cm）. When temperature was increased by 2℃,soil water consumption amount of wet treatment was higher than that of the normal water supply and drought treatment for 0-160 cm soil depth.

关 键 词：模拟增温 水势 土壤含水量 土壤贮水消耗量 半干旱区 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学]