氮高效利用基因型大麦氮素转移及氮形态组分特征  

Characteristics of Nitrogen Transportation and Fractions in Different Organs of Barley Genotype with High Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency

作　　者：黄亿[1,2] 李廷轩[1] 张锡洲[1] 戢林[3] 吴沂珀[4] 

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学资源环境学院,成都611130 [2]巴中市环境监测站,四川巴中636600 [3]四川农业大学土木工程学院,四川都江堰611830 [4]巴中市农业局,四川巴中636600

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2015年第6期1151-1161,共11页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(40901138);国家科技支撑计划子课题(2008BAD98B03);四川省科技厅应用基础项目(2010JY0083)

摘　　要：【目的】揭示氮高效利用基因型大麦生育后期氮素分配转运的生理机制,为大麦高效氮肥管理和高产栽培提供理论依据。【方法】采用土培盆栽试验,利用前期筛选出的氮高效利用基因型大麦(DH61、DH121+)和低效利用基因型大麦(DH80)为试验材料,分析其在不施氮、低氮(125 mg N·kg-1土)、正常氮(250 mg N·kg-1土)和高氮(375 mg N·kg-1土)4个氮素处理下籽粒产量、生物量及生育后期地上部营养体氮素转移特性和植株氮形态组分构成特征。【结果】(1)随施氮量的减少,不同氮效率基因型大麦籽粒产量和地上部生物量均减少。同一施氮处理,高效基因型大麦籽粒产量和地上部生物量高于低效基因型。不施氮处理下,高效型大麦DH61和DH121+籽粒产量分别是低效型DH80的1.96、2.03倍;低氮处理下分别是低效型DH80的2.10、2.37倍。扬花期和灌浆期,不施氮和低氮处理下两类基因型大麦植株氮浓度无明显差异,氮高效基因型大麦干物质形成能力较强。(2)高效基因型大麦植株能够积累较多的氮素,扬花前高效基因型氮素积累量占大麦生育期氮积累量的比例高于低效基因型。低氮(125 mg N·kg-1土)、正常氮(250 mg N·kg-1土)、高氮处理(375 mg N·kg-1土)下,高效基因花前氮素积累量是低效基因型的1.31、1.38、1.49倍,充足的氮素积累为后期灌浆结实奠定了物质基础。(3)随着氮素用量的增加,氮素转运量呈单峰曲线变化,氮素转移率和氮素转运量对籽粒的贡献率则逐渐下降,过高的氮肥施用不利于氮素向籽粒的转运。高效基因型DH61和DH121+籽粒氮素来源更多依赖于前期地上部营养体的氮素转移,不施氮和低氮氮素转运量对籽粒的贡献率分别为35.06%、40.06%和76.37%、81.72%。而低效基因型DH80籽粒的氮素来源则以后期根系氮素的吸收和转移为主,氮素吸收量对籽粒的贡献率为68.20%和34.84%。(4)相同氮素处理下,扬花�Objective]Nitrogen plays important roles in promoting plant growth and development. The objective of this study is to clarify the characteristics of distribution and transportation for barley nitrogen efficiency genotype, and to provide a theoretical basis for efficient nitrogen management and high-yield cultivation of good varieties.【Method】In this study, a soil culture pot experiment was conducted with barley genotype of high nitrogen utilization efficiency （DH61, DH121＋） and low nitrogen utilization efficiency （DH80）. Four nitrogen treatments were designed, including no nitrogen, low nitrogen （125 mgN·kg-1 soil）, normal nitrogen （250 mgN·kg-1 soil） and high nitrogen （375 mgN·kg-1 soil）, respectively. The purpose was analysis grain yield, aboveground biomass , the characteristics of nitrogen transportation and fractions in different organs of barley with high nitrogen utilization efficiency （NUE） at late growth stage.【Result】When applied nitrogen reduced, the amount of aboveground biomass and grain yield were decreased among all tested cultivars. Under the same nitrogen application level, the amounts of biomass and grain yield of high NUE genotype were higher than that of low NUE genotype. The grain yield of high NUE genotype was, respectively, 1.96 times and 2.03 times, 2.10 times and 2.37 times higher than that of low NUE genotype in no nitrogen and low nitrogen treatments. Nitrogen concentration of high and low NUE genotype had no significant difference in no nitrogen and low nitrogen treatments at flowering and grain filling stages. High NUE genotype had a strong ability in dry matter forming. The amount of nitrogen accumulation of high NUE genotype was higher than that of low NUE genotype. And the ratio of nitrogen accumulation during the whole growth period of high NUE genotype was higher than that of low NUE genotype before flowering stage.Nitrogen accumulation of high NUE genotype was 1.48 times, 1.36 times and 1.37 times higher than that of low NUE in low nitrogen �

关 键 词：大麦 氮高效利用基因型 氮素转运 氮组分 

分 类 号：S512.3[农业科学—作物学]