渭河流域水沙演变规律分析  

Analysis of runoff and sediment evolution in Wei River

作　　者：赵静[1] 黄强[1] 刘登峰[1] 

机构地区：[1]西安理工大学水利水电学院陕西省西北旱区生态水利工程重点实验室,西安710048

出　　处：《水力发电学报》2015年第3期14-20,共7页Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51190093);国家重大基础研究计划(2011CB403306);陕西省水利科技计划项目;陕西省重点科技创新团队项目(2012KCT-10)

摘　　要：近年来大规模的水利水保措施的实施使得渭河流域产流产沙条件发生了明显变化。因此,分析该区的水沙变化特性具有重要意义。根据渭河流域1960-2010年共51年的实测水沙资料,运用滑动平均法、Mann-Kendall法等分析了流域的水沙演变特征以及水沙关系。结果表明:渭河水沙年内分配不均匀,水沙系列均呈现显著的下降趋势。相关分析显示径流量的平均变化率是-1.2163亿m^3/年,输沙量的平均变化率是-0.0742亿t/年。径流量在1989年发生了突变,输沙量的突变点发生于2002年。流域径流量和输沙量呈现正相关关系,汛期水沙相关性高于非汛期,不同时间段的水沙相关关系具有明显差异。人类活动通过改变下垫面条件,作用于水沙关系,使得流域水沙双累积曲线在1984年和2002年发生了改变。In recent years, large-scale implementation of water and soil conservation measures have caused marked changes in the runoff and sediment conditions of the Wei River and thus it is significant to analyze these changes. For this basin, its runoff and sediment data observed from 1960 to 2010 were analyzed in this study using a moving average method and the Mann-Kendall method for its evolution characteristics in runoff, sediment, and runoff-sediment relationship. The results show that the distribution of runoff and sediment within a year is very uneven and runoff and the annual water and sediment transports take a significantly downward trend. A correlation analysis reveals average decreasing rates of-1.2163× 10^8 m^3/a in runoff and -0.0742×10^8 t/a in sediment transport. Besides the mild trend, this observation record sees a mutation in 1989 for runoff and in 2002 for sediment transport. Generally, a positive correlation is found between the annual runoff and sediment transport and its coefficient in flood season is greater than that in non-flood season, but with a quite different correlativity in different periods. Human activities impact on runoff-sediment relationship by changing underlying conditions. This is the reason why the runoff and sediment changes in 1984 and 2002 appears on the double cumulative curves.

关 键 词：水文学 渭河流域 水沙关系 双累积曲线 径流量 输沙量 

分 类 号：P333.4[天文地球—水文科学]