某企业办公室内空气质量及其健康风险评估  

Assessment on Indoor Air Quality in Offices of a Corporation and Related Human Health Risk

作　　者：李华亮[1] 李丽[1] 熊德甫 樊晓鹏[1] 陈敏[1] 邓倩[1] 

机构地区：[1]广东电网公司电力科学研究院,广东510080 [2]广东汇安恒达管理顾问有限公司,广东510080

出　　处：《环境与职业医学》2015年第3期240-243,共4页Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine

摘　　要：[目的]评估某企业办公室室内空气质量变化及其健康风险。[方法]于2011—2013年,选择某企业办公室进行空气中甲醛和苯浓度的检测,对2011年发现空气中甲醛及苯浓度超标的办公室采取通风、放置吸附剂等空气净化干预措施,应用健康风险评价方法对苯和甲醛的致癌和非致癌风险进行评估。[结果]从2011年至2013年,除部分办公室因新购置的办公用具中甲醛和苯的释放导致浓度上升外,其余办公室甲醛和苯浓度水平整体下降。对于甲醛或苯浓度超出GB/T 18883—2002《室内空气质量标准》限值的办公室,采取干预措施后,在次年的检测中,其甲醛和苯浓度均低于检出限。办公室职业人群3年中的甲醛和苯致癌风险最大值分别为12.54×10-5和11.0×10-5。另有1间办公室苯的非致癌风险达到1.027 5,超出非致癌风险安全值1,但随着办公室采取干预措施后,甲醛和苯的致癌风险和非致癌风险明显下降。[结论]该企业部分办公室内甲醛和苯的浓度较高,其健康风险较大,采取干预措施能有效改善空气质量并降低职业人员健康风险。[ Objective ] To assess indoor air quality and human health risk in offices of a corporation. [ Methods ] Formaldehyde and benzene concentrations of indoor air in the offices of a corporation were detected in 2011-2013. Interventions such as ventilation and using absorbents were conducted in the offices with unqualified indoor air quality. The carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic risks of benzene and formaldehyde were evaluated by the human health risk assessment methods. [ Results ] From 2011 to 2013, the concentrations of benzene and formaldehyde in most offices decreased except where new appliances contributed to the increased formaldehyde and benzene concentrations in air. After ventilating and adsorbing, the concentrations of benzene and formaldehyde in the offices with unqualified concentrations according to the Indoor air quality standard （GB/T 18883-2002） at the baseline were all below the detectable limit in the following year. The maximum carcinogenic risks of benzene and formaldehyde were 12.54 × 10^-5 and 11.0 × 10^-5, respectively. The highest non-carcinogenic risk of benzene was 1.027 5, which exceeded the safety limit of 1. The carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks were lowered after the interventions. [ Conclusion ] The indoor air concentrations of benzene and formaldehyde in some offices are high and suggest high health risks. Appropriate interventions could effectively improve air quality and reduce the health risks of office workers.

关 键 词：办公室 空气质量 健康风险 干预 

分 类 号：R134[医药卫生—劳动卫生]