黄土高原一年生饲草作物产量与水分利用效率  

Dry Matter and Water Use Efficiency of Annual Forage Crops in the Loess Plateau

作　　者：张清平[1] 田莉华[1] 刘渊博[1] 蒋海亮[1] 沈禹颖[1] 

机构地区：[1]兰州大学草地农业科技学院/草地农业生态系统国家重点实验室,甘肃兰州730020

出　　处：《干旱区研究》2015年第2期251-257,共7页Arid Zone Research

基　　金：澳大利亚国际农业研究中心(ACIAR)项目(LWR/2007/191);甘肃省重大科技专项(1203FKDA035);教育部重大科技项目(313028)

摘　　要：一年生饲草作物是补充黄土高原地区冬春季家畜饲草供应的重要来源,而水分利用效率是评价饲草作物适应区域气候环境的重要表征。采用大田试验研究了甘肃陇东黄土高原雨养农业区9种春播一年生饲草作物〔玉米(Zea mays)、苏丹草(Sorghum sudanense)、大豆(Glycine max)、谷子(Setaria italica)、糜子(Panicum miliaceum)、箭筈豌豆(Vicia sativa)、豌豆(Pisum sativum)、燕麦(Avena sativa)和春小麦(Triticum aestivum)〕的饲草干物质产量土壤水分亏缺值和水分利用效率。结果表明:除苏丹草外,其余8种饲草作物的土壤水分亏缺值均呈现"V"型。出苗后6周,春小麦的水分利用效率最高;出苗后15周,玉米的水分利用效率高于其他饲草作物,而谷子和糜子的水分利用效率变幅比其他饲草作物小。在春播条件下,9种一年生饲草作物中,可优先选择玉米、春小麦、谷子和糜子。Annual forage crops are important feeding sources in early spring and winter seasons in areas of the Loess Plateau,with water use efficiency being an important indication of crop adaptability to local climate environment. In a rainfed area of eastern Gansu,dry matter,soil water deficit and water use efficiency of annual forage crops were determined. Annual forage crops were maize（ Zea mays）,Sudan grass（ Sorghum sudanense）,soybean（ Glycine max）,small millet（ Setaria italica）,millet（ Panicum miliaceum）,common vetch（ Vicia sativa）,pea（ Glycine max）,oat（ Avena sativa） and spring wheat（ Triticum aestivum）. The results showed that soil water deficit of annual forage crops presented a ‘V＇curve,with the exception of Sudan grass; water use efficiency of spring wheat was higher than other crops at 6 weeks after emergence,whereas maize was the most efficient at 15 weeks after emergence. Variable amplitude of water use efficiency in millet and small millet was low. The crops of maize,spring wheat,small millet and millet were optimum under spring-sown condition in the Loess Plateau.

关 键 词：一年生饲草作物 春播 土壤水分 利用效率 黄土高原 

分 类 号：S54[农业科学—作物学]