西鄂尔多斯草原化荒漠植物群落多样性  

Plant Community Diversity of Steppification Desert in West Ordos

作　　者：王乐[1] 赵利清[1] 陈育[1] 裴志丽 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古大学生命科学学院生态学系,内蒙古呼和浩特010021

出　　处：《干旱区研究》2015年第2期258-265,共8页Arid Zone Research

基　　金：2013年内蒙古自治区重点实验室重大开放课题;国家自然科学基金项目(30960067)

摘　　要：西鄂尔多斯位于我国阿拉善—鄂尔多斯生物多样性中心的核心区域,是生物多样性研究的关键地带。由于自然和人为因素的影响,目前区域生境破碎化程度高、群落多样性受到严重威胁,为了修复破碎生境、合理建植植被,采用样方法,对12个主要群系,共53个样地进行了详细的调查和分析。结果表明:1西鄂尔多斯荒漠植被中含有单种属和寡种属植物,如四合木属(Tetraena)、绵刺属(Potaninia)、沙冬青属(Ammopiptanthus)等;2在生活型谱组成上,灌木比相邻荒漠化草原高出13.1%,并在不同生境中成为群落的建群种或优势种;3在水分生态类型谱中,虽以典型旱生植物占优势,但强旱生植物比相邻荒漠化草原高15.9%;4典型的草原化荒漠群落〔如霸王(Zygophyllum xanthoxylon)、绵刺(Potaninia mongolica)、沙冬青(Ammopiptanthus mongolicus)、四合木(Tetraena mongolica)群落〕的物种多样性在草本层片与灌木层片的相互作用下,群落具有更高的多样性和稳定性;5与荒漠化草原相比,西鄂尔多斯草原化荒漠群落之间具有更高的β多样性,能容纳更多的群落共同存在。The West Ordos,which is located in the core region of the Alashan-Ordos biodiversity center,is one of the key areas for biodiversity researches. In recent years,mineral resources are exploited in a large scale,industrial zones are expanding all the time and grazing continuously happens. The impacts of anthropogenic factors lead to a high degree of regional habitat fragmentation. If we take the change in the global climate into consideration,all of the above seriously threat to community diversity. In order to repair the broken habitat and construct a reasonable vegetation cover,we must know more about the composition of the native communities,especially we need to master the difference and relations between different layers of the communities and the desert communities with the neighbors. Here we use the field community investigation method to investigate and analyze 53 plots from 12 plant formations in this region. The results indicate that 1 The west Ordos desert vegetation includes a number of mono-type and oligoro-types genera,such as Tetraena mongolica,Helianthemum ordosicum,Ammopiptanthus mongolicus,Potaninia mongolica,Tugarinovia mongolica. They not only increased the diversity of plant communities in West Ordos,but also reflected the uniqueness of plant diversity. 2 Shrubs in West Ordos steppe desert,in terms of the composition of the life form spectrum,is 13. 1% higher than that of adjacent desert steppe and become constructive or dominant species of communities in different habitats. Most of them are constructive or dominant species in different habitats and sufficiently reflect the feature of steppe desert. 3 By comparison of plant life form spectra between steppification desert and desertification steppe,shrub is 13. 1% higher in steppification desert than desertification steppe. In terms of the water ecological type spectrum,the proportion of strong xerophytes is 15. 9% higher in the desertification steppe nearby,although typical xerophytes are the dominant plants here. 4 There are many kinds of plan

关 键 词：草原化荒漠 群系 植物群落 物种多样性指数 西鄂尔多斯 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]