新疆区域大气透明度影响因子分析  

Analysis of the Impact Factors of Atmospheric Transparency in Xinjiang

作　　者：胡列群[1] 李帅[1] 郑焙文[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国气象局乌鲁木齐气象卫星地面站,新疆乌鲁木齐830011

出　　处：《干旱区研究》2015年第2期297-303,共7页Arid Zone Research

基　　金：中国沙漠气象科学研究基金项目(sqj2012013);气象关键技术集成与应用项目(CMAGJ2014M62);新疆自治区科技支撑项目(201133131)

摘　　要：利用乌鲁木齐和喀什地区1961—2012年直接辐射资料以及相关的气象和大气污染物实测数据,计算新疆区域的大气透明度,并对其特征进行了分析。同时,讨论了各影响因子对大气透明度的作用。结果表明:1过去52 a,乌鲁木齐、喀什的大气透明度总体呈下降趋势,在冬季更为显著,且这种下降在20世纪90年代至今有明显加速趋势;2大气尘埃含量与大气透明度呈负相关,与晴天相比,在浮尘、扬沙、沙尘暴天气下,大气透明度日峰值分别衰减35.0%、61.6%和96.9%;水汽压的变化亦与大气透明度呈明显负相关;3云量对大气透明度变化的作用在喀什表现得更为明显,与晴天相比,多云天气下大气透明度最大可衰减61.5%,而在乌鲁木齐,其显著性相对较弱;云高与大气透明度呈较好的负相关;4 90年代初期,乌鲁木齐冬季大气透明度急剧下降,其最高值由原来的冬季转变成秋季,喀什也有同样现象。这表明在城市化进程下,大气污染使大气透明度越来越差,其中,NO2与SO2对大气透明度的影响较为显著,PM10、PM2.5、PM1.0及黑碳(BC)对其也有一定影响,而O3对大气透明度的变化无贡献。Based on the direct radiation data and related meteorological and pollutant data from 1961- 2012 in Urumqi and Kashgar,this study investigated the characteristics and the annual and the seasonal variations of the atmospheric transparencies in the two regions. The atmospheric transparencies in Urumqi and Kashgar presented decreasing trends in general in the last 52 years and accelerated in the both regions since 1990 s. The analysis of the impact factors of the atmospheric transparency proved that there was a negative correlation between the atmospheric dust content and the atmospheric transparency. Compared with in a sunny day,the daily peak value of the atmospheric transparencies decreased by 35. 0%,61. 6% and 96. 9% in the dust,the blowing-sand and the sand-stormy days,respectively. Vapor pressure also had a negative correlation with the atmospheric transparency. The cloud amount had more effects on the atmospheric transparency in Kashgar than in Urumqi. The atmospheric transparency can decrease by 61. 5% in cloudy days in Kashgar. The cloud height had a negative correlation with the atmospheric transparency. At the beginning of the 1990 s,the atmospheric transparency in Urumqi sharply attenuated. The peak values of the atmospheric transparency appeared in autumn instead of in winter as used to be in both Urumqi and Karshgar which indicated that the air pollution made the atmospheric transparency getting worse under the process of urbanization. NO2 and SO2significantly affected the atmospheric transparency while PM10,PM2. 5,PM1. 0and BC had certain effects on the atmospheric transparency. O3 had no effect on the atmospheric transparency.

关 键 词：大气透明度 沙尘 水汽压 云量 大气污染物 新疆 

分 类 号：X51[环境科学与工程—环境工程]