Transcranial magnetic stimulation probes the excitability of the primary motor cortex:A framework to account for the facilitating effects of acute whole-body exercise on motor processes  

经颅磁刺激探查初级运动皮层兴奋性:急性全身运动对运动过程促进作用的解释框架（英文）

作　　者：Karen Davranche John Temesi Samuel Verges Thierry Hasbroucq 

机构地区：[1]Aix Marseille Universite,CNRS,LPC UMR 7290,FR 3C FR 3512,13331 Marseille cedex 3,France [2]Human Performance Laboratory,Faculty of Kinesiology,University of Calgary [3]HP2 Laboratory,Grenoble Alpes University [4]U1042,INSERM [5]Aix Marseille Universite,CNRS,LNC UMR 7291,FR 3C FR 3512,13331 Marseille cedex 3,France

出　　处：《Journal of Sport and Health Science》2015年第1期24-29,共6页运动与健康科学（英文）

摘　　要：The effects of exercise on decision-making performance have been studied using a wide variety of cognitive tasks and exercise interventions. Although the current literature supports a beneficial influence of acute exercise on cognitive performance, the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon have not yet been elucidated. We review studies that used single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation （TMS） to probe the excitability of motor structures during whole-body exercise and present a framework to account for the facilitating effects of acute exercise on motor processes. Recent results suggest that, even in the absence of fatigue, the increase in corticospinal excitability classically reported during submaximal and exhausting exercises may be accompanied by a reduction in intracortical inhibition. We propose that reduced intracortical inhibition elicits an adaptive central mechanism that counteracts the progressive reduction in muscle responsiveness caused by peripheral fatigue. Such a reduction would render the motor cortex more sensitive to upstream influences, thus causing increased corticospinal excitability. Furthermore, reduction of intracortical inhibition may account for the more efficient descending drive and for the improvement of reaction time performance during exercise. The adaptive modulation in intracortical inhibition could be implemented through a general increase in reticular activation that would further account for enhanced sensory sensitivity.已有研究通过各种认知任务探讨运动对决策能力的作用。尽管现有文献支持急性运动有益于认知功能,但还未明确阐明该现象之下的作用机制。本文回顾了全身运动时用单脉冲经颅磁刺激(TMS)探测运动结构在急性运动时兴奋性的研究,通过一个框架解释急性运动对运动过程的促进作用。近期研究显示,即使在不疲劳的状况下,随着皮质内抑制减弱,皮质脊髓兴奋性会增强,而这通常仅在次极量和力竭运动期间记录到。皮质内抑制减弱会引发一种中枢适应机制来对抗神经末梢疲劳引起的肌肉反应能力逐渐降低。这会导致运动皮质对上游影响更加敏感,从而使皮质脊髓兴奋性提高。此外,皮质内抑制减弱也可以解释运动中下行内驱力更加有效、反应时间表现更佳。通过全面增加网状激活可促进皮质内抑制的适应性调节,进而提高运动中的感觉敏感性。

关 键 词：Corticospinal excitability Exercise-cognitive function interaction Intracortical inhibition Transcranial magnetic stimulation 

分 类 号：G804.2[文化科学—运动人体科学]