东北地区不同时间尺度下气温和无霜期的变化特征  

Variation of Temperature and Frost-free Period in Different Time Scales in Northeast China

作　　者：胡琦[1,2] 潘学标[1,2] 张丹[1] 杨宁[1,2] 李秋月[1,2] 邵长秀[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100193 [2]农业部武川农业环境科学观测实验站,呼和浩特011700

出　　处：《中国农业气象》2015年第1期1-8,共8页Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)(2012CB956204);国家自然科学基金项目(41271053;41475104);国家"十二五"科技支撑计划课题(2012BAD09B02;2012BAD20B04)

摘　　要：利用东北三省71个气象站点1961-2012年地面气象观测资料,分析年代、年、季、月、旬各级尺度下气温和无霜期的变化特征.结果表明：气温和无霜期等值线存在年代际北移的现象,1980-1999年气温和无霜期增幅最大,与1961-1979年相比,3℃温度等值线北移约1个纬度,气温高于3℃的面积增加了1.14x105km2,无霜期155d等值线北移2～4个纬度,无霜期大于155d的面积增加了2.02x105km2.1961-2012年东北地区温度升高速率为0.30℃·10a-1,冬季增幅最大（0.47℃·10a-1）,夏、秋季增幅较小,无霜期增加速率为3.5d·10a-1,初霜日推迟8.1d、终霜日提前9.8d.2月气温增幅最大（0.8℃·10a-1）,是造成冬季气温增幅大的主要原因,2月下旬（第51-60天）气温气候倾向率达到峰值,约1.00℃ ·10a-1,水汽含量变化可能是产生这一现象的主要原因.Based on observed data from 71 meteorological stations in Northeast China from 1961 to 2012 ,the variation of temperature and frost-free period in decade scale, annual scale, month scale, and ten-day scale, were analyzed. The results showed that both contour lines of temperature and frost-free period moved northward in decade scale, and maximum value occurred in 1980 -1999. Compared with 1961 -1979,contour line of 3℃ temperature moved northward about 1 latitude, and the area of temperature over 3℃ increased 1.14 x 105km/ ,and contour line of 155d frost-free moved northward about 2-4 latitudes, and the area of frost-free 155d increased 2. 02 x 105kmz. The average temperature increasing rate in Northeast China was 0. 30℃ .10y-l ,and maximum increasing in winter at the rate of 0. 47℃·10y-1. The frost-free period increasing rate was 3.5d ·10y- 1, and first/latest frost date delayed/advanced 8. 1 d and 9. 8d, respectively. The temperature increasing rate in February was 0. 8℃ ·10y-1, which was key factor to large temperature increasing in winter. In which the final 10 days in February temperature increasing rate was 1.00℃ ·10y-1. Climate wanning might have some impacts on agricultural production and agro-climatic zone in Northeast China, the results could provide references for heat resources utilization and crop cultivation under climate change.

关 键 词：东北地区 时间尺度 气温 无霜期 

分 类 号：P467[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]