不同发育期干旱对玉米籽粒形成与产量的影响模拟  

Impact Simulation of Drought at Different Growth Stages on Grain Formation and Yield of Maize

作　　者：张建平 何永坤 王靖[2] 赵艳霞[3] 王春乙[3] 

机构地区：[1]重庆市气象科学研究所,重庆401147 [2]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100193 [3]中国气象科学研究院,北京100081

出　　处：《中国农业气象》2015年第1期43-49,共7页Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划课题(2011BAD32B01);国家重点基础研究发展计划课题(2013CB430205);重庆市工程技术研究中心建设项目(CSTC2011PT-GC80023)

摘　　要：利用作物生长模型模拟苗期和拔节期发生不同时长干旱（用连续无雨日数表示）时玉米的生长过程,分析单一发育期干旱和两个发育期同时发生干旱对玉米籽粒形成和产量的影响.结果表明：（1）苗期或拔节期分别发生10 ～ 40d的持续干旱,均会对玉米籽粒灌浆产生负面影响,并最终导致产量下降,且干旱持续时间越长对灌浆的影响越早,减产越严重.当玉米苗期和拔节期分别发生持续10d干旱时减产率分别为3.24％和3.5％,持续20d干旱时分别减产7.89％和8.31％,持续干旱30d时分别减产12.33％和13.71％,持续干旱40d时分别减产达21.6％和23.94％.（2）当玉米苗期和拔节期均发生持续时间为5、10、15、20d干旱时,分别减产1.77％、9.02％、18.93％和31.28％.可见,拔节期同等程度干旱造成的玉米减产幅度均大于苗期干旱,两个发育期同时发生干旱导致的减产率远大于单一发育期干旱相叠加产生的效应.In order to explore the impacts of drought occurred in single development stage and two development stages respectively on grain formation and yield of maize, the grain formation and yield were simulated by WOFOST under different drought grades in seedling stage and jointing stage. The drought grades were indicated by the number of no rain days. The results showed that 10d to 40d continuous drought occurred in single development stage affected on grain filling and yield formation. The longer the drought period was, the larger yield reduction rate got. The reductionrate was 3.24% and 3.5% , 7.89% and 8.31% , 12. 33% and 13.71% , 21.6% and 23.94% when continuous drought for lOd, 20d, 30d and 40d, occurred in the seedling stage and the jointing stage, respectively. The yield reduction rate was 1.77 % ,9.02% , 18.93 % and 31.28 % when continuous drought for 5 d, 10d, 15d and 20d occurred both at seedling stage and jointing stage. The results indicated that yield reduction was more significant when drought occurred at the jointing stage than that at the seedling stage. The reduction rate under the simultaneous drought both seedling stage and the jointing stage was higher than the sum of drought at individual development stage. The results could provide scientific basis for maize planting and drought disaster mitigation in Southwest China.

关 键 词：干旱 作物模型 籽粒形成 产量 影响模拟 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] S423