鄂尔多斯高原玉米喷灌灌水技术模式  

Sprinkler Irrigation Technique Model of Maize in Ordos Plateau

作　　者：白玲晓[1] 王勇[2] 李兴[2] 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古师范大学二连浩特国际学院,内蒙古二连浩特012600 [2]内蒙古师范大学内蒙古节水农业工程研究中心,内蒙古呼和浩特010022

出　　处：《内蒙古林业科技》2015年第1期25-30,共6页Journal of Inner Mongolia Forestry Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51269018);内蒙古应用技术研究与开发资金项目(20110524)资助

摘　　要：为了探索适宜于鄂尔多斯高原玉米的最佳喷灌灌水技术模式,进行了较大规模的大田试验。研究了不同灌水处理下,喷灌玉米生长及产量构成因子变化以及耗水特性,并提出了喷灌灌水技术模式。得出如下主要结论：1）随着灌溉定额的增加,抽雄期玉米株高和叶面积明显增加,成熟期株高变化不明显;2）产量构成因子中,玉米穗粒数、千粒重和穗重3个因子差异极显著,穗长、每行粒数差异显著,穗径行数和穗数差异不显著;产量与产量构成因子间的相关分析显示,每行粒数、穗粒数、千粒重、穗重和穗数对产量的影响极显著,相关程度由大到小,依次为穗重〉千粒重〉穗数〉穗粒数〉每行粒数,穗长、穗径行数对产量的影响不显著;3）随着灌溉定额的增加,耗水量、耗水强度均增加。全生育期,随着生育期的推进,耗水强度先增加后减少,呈单峰抛物线型,峰值出现在拔节—抽雄期;4）在鄂尔多斯高原赛乌素地区及其邻近地区（或农业生产条件相近地区）,若使喷灌有较高产量,需年灌水8-10次,灌溉定额应不低于5400 m3/hm^2。In order to search for the best sprinkler irrigation technique model of maize in Ordos plateau,the large-scale of field experiment was conducted. The main results are as follows. 1） The plant height of maize was raised with the increase of the irrigation norm and turned different trend on different growth period. The leaf area of maize was increased with the increase of the irrigation norm and the difference was significant. 2） The effect of irrigation norm was very significant with the number of seeds per ear,1 000 seeds weight and weight of per ear; it was significant with the ear length and seed number per row. It was insignificant with seed rows per ear and the number of ears. Yield was increased evidently with the increase of the irrigation norm,and there was close correlation between them. The correlation between yield and yield components showed that yield was very significant correlation with seed number per row,the number of seeds per ear,1 000 seeds weight,weight of per ear and the number of ears;and the correlativity was ordered from more to less as,weight of per ear 〉1000 seeds weight 〉the number of ears 〉the number of seeds per ear 〉seed number per row; yield was insignificant correlated with ear length and row numbers per era. 3） The water consumption and the water consumption rate were all increased with the increase of irrigation norm. In the whole growth period,the water consumption rate was increase and then decrease by the progress of growth period and the peak value was appeared at the period of jointing to heading. 4） In order to get high yield under the sprinkler irrigation at the experimental district,the recommended technical irrigation model was irrigated for 8 - 10 times in the whole growth period and the irrigation norm should not be less than 5 400 m3/ hm^2.

关 键 词：喷灌 玉米 灌水技术模式 

分 类 号：S275[农业科学—农业水土工程]