新疆和田地区烟幕天气变化特征及成因分析  

Variation Features and Causes of Smokescreen Weather in the Hetian Region

作　　者：刘海涛[1] 蒋丽 韩春光[3] 李绣东[1] 冯燕 徐建斌[1] 陈天宇[1] 

机构地区：[1]和田地区气象局,新疆和田848000 [2]太湖县气象局,安徽太湖246400 [3]石河子地区气象局,新疆石河子832000 [4]伊宁机场气象台,新疆伊宁835000

出　　处：《沙漠与绿洲气象》2015年第1期24-31,共8页Desert and Oasis Meteorology

基　　金：公益性行业气象科研专项(GYHY201106025)"风沙灾害对绿洲农业的影响与评估技术";新疆气象局研究课题(201120)联合资助

摘　　要：运用和田地区气象、社会统计、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,综合应用气候趋势、小波、突变、合成方法分析了1960—2010年和田地区烟幕天气的变化趋势、周期及突变特征,揭示了影响烟幕天气多发的气候及社会成因,结果发现:(1)和田地区烟幕天气呈现出递增(15.4 d/10a)的趋势,多年平均日数66 d,其代表站——和田高达123 d,烟幕天气在20世纪60年代最少、90年代增至最高峰,2000—2010年大幅减少,年烟幕日数呈单峰型,峰值在10月—次年3月的冬半年,日烟幕频数呈双峰型,峰值在20—01时和早上09—12时;(2)年烟幕日数具有稳定的准17 a振荡周期,1982年为显著突变增加年、2005年为显著突变减少年;(3)影响和田地区烟幕天气多寡的主因是人口快速增长下,冬半年长时间向空中大量排放烟尘,加之冬半年受高空浅暖高压脊和地面塔里木盆地低气压环流的控制,气层稳定、逆温易发且频率高,风速较小,烟尘不易扩散。Using the data of meteorology, social statistics and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data in Hetian, with application of climate linear tendency, wavelet, mutation and Synthetic methods the trend, characteristics of cycle and mutations of smokescreen during 1960-2010 in Hotan were analyzed to reveal the impact of climate and social causes of smoke. The result shows as follows：（1）The days of smokescreen weather show an incremental（15.4 d/10 a）trend in Hetian, annual average days are 66 d, its representative station, Hotan, is up to 123 d. The days of smokescreen weather is the least in the 1960 s, rose to the highest peak in the 1990 s and reduce significantly during 2000-2010. The annual variation of smokescreen weather days shows a single peak pattern with the peak occurring during October to March of the next year. The daily variation of smokescreen weather shows a bimodal pattern with peaks during 20：00-01：00 and 09：00-12：00.（2）The smokescreen weather days shows a stable quasi-17 a oscillation period, increasing significantly in 1982, decreaing significantly in 2005.（3）The main cause of smokescreen weather is mainly due to rapid population growth in Hetian, significant emissions of soot into the air for a long time in the winter half year with the shallow warm ridge of high pressure in the upper atmosphere and low pressure circulation near the surface in the Tarim Basin, stabile atmospheric layer, high-frequency inversion, less wind which cause smoking not easy to spread.

关 键 词：和田地区 烟幕 气候特征 成因 

分 类 号：P463[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]