上海海域营养盐趋势与长江排海量相关性研究  

The Trend of Nutrient Contents in Seawater around Shanghai and an Analysis on Their Correlation with Fluxes via the Yangtze River

作　　者：范海梅[1] 高秉博[2] 余江[3] 刘志国[1] 

机构地区：[1]国家海洋局东海环境监测中心,上海200137 [2]北京农业信息技术研究中心,北京100097 [3]上海市环境科学研究院,上海200233

出　　处：《上海环境科学》2015年第1期1-5,25,共6页Shanghai Environmental Sciences

基　　金：赤潮重点实验室开放研究基金(编号:MATHAB20120204);国家自然科学基金(编号:41376190);上海市“科技创新行动计划”项目(编号:12231203200);沪海科(编号:2013-01);海洋行业公益性专项(编号:201105015-5)共同资助

摘　　要：根据1984-2012年上海海域营养盐数据，对上海海域无机氮（DIN）、活性磷酸盐（PO4-P）、无机氮与活性磷酸盐比值（N／P）和富营养化指数的表，底层年均变化趋势进行分析评价，发现：无机氮具有线性上升趋势。2000年以来主要处于高位震荡状态。表层浓度年均增长0．0431mg／（L·a），年均增长率4．2％，底层浓度年均增长0．0274mo／（L·a），年均增长率3．3％；活性磷酸盐具有显著的线性上升趋势，并一直处于攀升状态，表层浓度年均增长0．0018m9／（L·a），年均增长率6．2％，底层浓度年均增长0．0015mQ／（L·a），年均增长率5．6％：无机氮与活性磷酸盐比值呈下降趋势，2000年以后基本稳定于20--30之间。水体的富营养化在不断加剧，20世纪80年代基本无富营养化，80年代末90年代初轻度富营养化，90年代中后期为中度富营养化，21世纪以来表层基本处于中度或重度富营养化。无机氮．硝酸盐氮和活性磷酸盐的长江排海通量的年增长量（率）与上海海域年均浓度增长量（率）具有很好的一致性。对营养盐指标年均浓度和长江年排海量的相关性分析，发现上海海域无机氮，活性磷酸盐和硝酸盐氮与长江对应指标的排海量存在显著的皮尔逊相关性。According to the data about nutrient contents in the seawater around Shanghai in the period 1984-2012, both of dissolved inorganic nitrogen （DIN） and phosphate （PO4-P） have shown almost linearly increasing trends. The DIN contents at surface and at bottom went up 0.0431 mg/L and 0.0274 mg/L with rates of 4.2% and 3.3% increment per year on the average, whilst the phosphate contents at surface and at bottom raised 0.0018 mg/L and 0.0015 mg/L with rates of 6.2% and 5.6% increment per year on the average, respectively. The ratio of DIN to PO4-P has been tending to descend and maintaining at a range from 20 to 30 since the year 2000. The eutrophication index indicated that the waters were basically in non-eutrophic condition in the 1980s, but in slightly eutrophic condition in the late 1980s to early 1990s, in moderately eutrophic condition in the middle and late 1990s, and have been in moderately or seriously eutrophic condition at surface layer since the year 2000. The yearly average incremental rate of nutrient contents in seawater showed good consistency with that of fluxes via the Yangtze River. Furthermore, an analysis on the relationship between nutrients in seawater around Shanghai and related fluxes via the Yangtze River presented significant Pearson correlations.

关 键 词：上海海域 富营养化指数 趋势分析 相关性分析 

分 类 号：X55[环境科学与工程—环境工程]