规模与质量:美国中小学教师教育改革新政策述评  

Balancing the Quantity and Quality: The Review on the New Policy of Primary and Secondary Teacher Education Reform in U.S.A.

作　　者：姜勇[1] 洪秀敏[2] 

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学学前教育与特殊教育学院 [2]北京师范大学教育学部

出　　处：《外国中小学教育》2015年第4期5-10,共6页Primary & Secondary Schooling Abroad

基　　金：2011年度教育部人文社会科学研究规划项目(项目号:11YJC880039)课题的成果之一

摘　　要：近年来,美国很多州都面临着教师队伍数量规模的短缺现象。同时,教师的专业素养也呈现一定程度的下降态势,相比《不让一个儿童掉队》(No Child Left Behind,NCLB法案)所要求的"高素养"的教师队伍仍有不小的差距。为此,美国教育部制订和调整了一系列有关教师教育的新政策。一方面,进一步扩大教师队伍的数量规模,在原有的"替代性认证制度"(Alternative Teacher Certification)的基础上,引入了新的"竞争性认证制度"(Competitive Certification),以迅速补充有准入资质的教师。另一方面,在教师队伍的质量建设方面,美国推进了"新教师指导项目",严格规范教师的专业标准。改革对于解决美国面临的教师队伍建设的问题起到了有效的促进作用,特别是美国鼓励各种类型的机构参与教师培养,并借助各种教师教育机构的力量,这也在某种程度上改变了大学在教师教育中的绝对主导权,从而形成了多元、多渠道、多模式的教师教育体系。Since twenty-first Century, many states of USA are facing shortage phenomenon, the number and the scale of teachers at the same time, teachers＇ professional accomplishment also show a downward trend to a certain extent, compared with the ＂no child left behind＂ （No Child Left Behind） （bill NCLB） required by the ＂high quality＂ teachers are still not small gap. To this end, the Ministry of education and the formulation of America adjusted the new policy a series of teacher education. On the one hand, further expand the scale of the number of teachers, in the original ＂alternative teacher certification＂ on the basis of introducing competition, USA new certification system ＂competitive certification＂, to quickly add a qualification for teachers. On the other hand, in terms of quality teachers team construction, USA promoted the ＂new teachers to guide the project＂, strictly regulate the professional standards of teachers, The reform of an effective role in promoting the construction of teachers＇ team to solve the problems facing the United States, especially in the United States to encourage various types of institutions involved in teacher training, and use a variety of teacher education institutions, which to some extent changed the absolute right of university leading in teacher education, thus formed a diversified, multi channels and modes of leacher education system.

关 键 词：美国 教师教育 新政策 

分 类 号：G635.1[文化科学—教育学]