常人方法论与科学社会学研究传统的继承创新  

On the Ethnomethodology School and Innovation of Research Tradition in Sociology of Science

作　　者：马光川[1,2] 林聚任[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东大学哲学与社会发展学院 [2]潍坊学院

出　　处：《科学与社会》2015年第1期59-71,共13页Science and Society

摘　　要：建构主义观点由于激进地宣称科学知识是社会建构的,而引致了先验的社会决定论与具体的经验证实性之间的方法论尴尬。内部认识的"混乱"、"支离破碎的纲领"及经验研究的不足可视为当前科学知识社会学发展困境的鲜明体现。但社会学家迈克尔·林奇(Michael Lynch)的解决方案是倡导一种后分析的常人方法论(Ethnomethodology)纲领,他坚持对科学实践的经验描述,按照"方法的唯一适用性要求"研究每一案例,从而提供了一种对常人方法论和科学社会学自身所适用的创新发展之路。Constructivism perspectives have fell into the methodological embarrassment of transcendental social determinism and concrete empirical confirmation, because of their radical claim that scientific knowledge is socially constructed. Internal understanding ＂chaos＂, ＂fragmentary programs＂ and short of empirical study can be regarded as the troublesome state of the current sociology of scientific knowledge development. However, Michael Lynch＇s solution is to advocate a postanalytic etbnometbodology program, insisting on the empirical description of scientific practice, and investigating each case in accordance with a unique adequacy requirement. Thereby be provides an innovative study program suitable for ethnomethodology and sociology of science.

关 键 词：常人方法论 新科学社会学 研究传统 创新 

分 类 号：G301[文化科学]