玉树地区鼠疫虫媒种群构成监测结果分析  

Analysis of monitoring results of plague insect vectors composition, Yushu Area

作　　者：卢占胜 曾诚[2] 郭文涛[2] 杜鹏程[3] 加洛[2] 

机构地区：[1]青海省福利慈善医院,青海西宁810007 [2]青海省地方病预防控制所,青海西宁811602 [3]中国疾病预防控制中心传染病预防控制所,北京102206

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2015年第7期1310-1311,1318,共3页Modern Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的分析2009-2013年玉树果青喜马拉雅旱獭鼠疫自然疫源地监测点媒介昆虫监测结果,了解鼠疫虫媒构成特点,为制定防控策略及方法提供依据。方法按照《全国鼠疫重点监测点监测方案》和《鼠疫诊断标准(WS279-2008)》采样,梳检、计数活体旱獭及小型鼠类体表寄生虫媒,数据统计分析采用统计分析软件EPI INFO。结果共检获獭体寄生虫媒498匹,其中斧形盖蚤383匹(76.91%,383/498),谢氏山蚤111匹(22.29%,111/498),草原硬蜱4匹(0.80%,4/498)。斧形盖蚤和谢氏山蚤(χ2=102.43,P<0.001)、草原硬蜱(χ2=360.16,P<0.001)的构成差异具统计学意义。探查旱獭洞巢1061个,其中57个染蚤(5.37%,57/1061);获蚤109匹,其中斧形盖蚤67匹(61.47%,67/109),谢氏山蚤42匹(38.53%,42/109),构成差异具统计学意义(χ2=3.85,P<0.05)。结论本疫源地鼠疫传播相关虫媒有斧形盖蚤、谢氏山蚤和草原硬蜱,其中斧形盖蚤所占比例均显著高于其他虫媒,为优势种群。该疫源地存在稳定的鼠疫自然循环链,染疫虫媒与染疫动物共同维系着鼠疫传播流行的有利条件,是人和家畜感染鼠疫的高危风险因素。Objective To analyze the composition of insect vectors associated with plague using the data from the monitoring spot in plague natural foci of Marmota himalayana in Guoqing, Yushu Area from 2009 to 2013, and provide basis for establishing the strategies. Methods Following the National Program of Plague Monitoring in Key Spots and the Standard of Plague Diagnosis（WS279-2008）, the insect vectors from marmots and mice were identified and counted. The data were analyzed by EPI INFO. Results In total, 498 insect vectors were identified, including 383 Callopsylla dolabris（76.91%, 383/498）, 111 Oropsylla silantiewi（22.29%, 111/498） and 4 Ixodes crenulatus（0.80%, 4/498）. The proportion of Callopsylla dolabris was significant higher than that of Oropsylla silantiewi（χ2=102.43, P0.001） and Ixodes crenulatus（χ2=360.16, P0.001）. We investigated 1061 marmot caves, and found 109 insect vectors, including 67 Callopsylla dolabris（61.47%, 67/109） and 42 Oropsylla silantiewi（38.53%, 42/109）. The proportion of Callopsylla dolabris was significant higher than that of Oropsylla silantiewi（χ2=3.85, P0.05）. Conclusion In this area, Callopsylla dolabris, Oropsylla silantiewi and Ixodes crenulatus are the main vectors associated with plague, and Callopsylla dolabris is the dominant one. There is a stable natural circular chain of plague transmission formed by infected animals and insect vectors, which are high risk factors for human and domestic animals.

关 键 词：玉树地区 鼠疫 媒介昆虫 

分 类 号：R181.8[医药卫生—流行病学]