拥堵疏散的行人拥挤力仿真研究  

Simulation of pedestrian push-force in evacuation with congestion

作　　者：张磊[1] 岳昊[1] 李梅[1] 王帅[1] 米雪玉[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]北京交通大学,城市交通复杂系统理论与技术教育部重点实验室,北京100044 [2]河北联合大学建筑工程学院,唐山063009

出　　处：《物理学报》2015年第6期88-97,共10页Acta Physica Sinica

基　　金：教育部基本科研业务费专项基金(批准号:2013JBM046);国家重点基础研究发展计划(批准号:2012CB725400);国家自然科学基金(批准号:11172035;51338008);北京城市交通协同创新中心资助的课题~~

摘　　要：基于元胞自动机仿真研究拥堵疏散条件下行人拥挤力的产生、传递、吸收、抵消、累积等过程,以安全出口前拱形的拥挤疏散行人流为研究对象,研究拥挤致伤的生成机理.基于行人位置距安全出口的距离,生成趋于安全出口方向的拥挤力;引入拥挤力效果与合力参数,分别描述外界拥挤力对个体行人的作用效果与作用合力;引入吸收系数与抗死伤系数,分别描述拥挤力传递过程中行人对外界拥挤力的吸收与抵抗能力.研究表明,随吸收系数或抗死伤系数的增加,能有效预防疏散行人流的拥挤致伤;存在临界吸收系数与抗死伤系数,将系统区分为弱保护相位、强保护相位和完全保护相位;拥挤的死伤数量随疏散行人数量的增加而增加;而且,拥挤致伤的危险区域在安全出口前以安全出口中心线为对称轴呈"倒钟"形分布.The simulation of pedestrian push-force in evacuation with arched congestion before exit is presented based on cell automata. The generation, absorption, transfer and gather of pedestrian push-force are analyzed. Initial push-force facing to exit is generated based on the distance between pedestrian and exit. The scalar and vector sum of push-force are introduced to respectively describe the push effect and resultant force of outside jam push-force in crowded evacuation. Absorption coefficient and anti-crush coefficient are introduced to respectively describe the ability for pedestrian to absorb and resist the outside jam push-force. Simulation results show that the increase of absorption coefficient or anti- crush coefficient can effectively prevent pedestrian from being injured. It is found that three phases： weak protection, strong protection and complete protection are distinguished based on two critical absorption coefficients and an anti- crush coefficient. Pedestrian casualties will increase with the number of evacuation pedestrian rising. It is also shown that pedestrian casualties in jam occur in a reverse bell-shape symmetry zone before exit.

关 键 词：疏散行人流 拥挤力 吸收系数 抗死伤系数 

分 类 号：U491[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理] TP301.1[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]