青草沙水库立体复合生态操纵池塘水生动植物的同位素特征  

The Isotopic Characteristics of Main Aquatic Animals and Plants in Multi-Approach Ecological Manipulation Pond of Qingcaosha Reservoir

作　　者：管卫兵[1,2] 苏孙国[1] 何文辉[3] 

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学海洋科学学院,上海201306 [2]大洋渔业资源可持续发展开发省部共建教育部重点实验室,上海海洋大学,上海201306 [3]上海海洋大学水产与生命学院,上海201306

出　　处：《海洋湖沼通报》2015年第1期41-49,共9页Transactions of Oceanology and Limnology

基　　金：上海市科委重大项目(09DZ120010C);上海市重点学科建设项目(S30702)资助

摘　　要：研究生物操纵过程中各种食物链级的生物的作用和营养地位,采用碳氮稳定同位素的方法,研究了青草沙实证基地生态操纵池塘生态修复过程中主要种类的稳定同位素特征。青草沙实证基地生态操纵池塘人工投了多种鱼类,加上自然恢复种类,最终重建实证基地池塘中的生态系统,恢复其强大的自净能力。青草沙实证基地中,δ13 C值范围在(-21.51^-13.60);δ15 N值范围在(1.77~9.38);营养位置范围在(1~3.24)。油餐、红鳍鲌、鰕虎鱼3个物种的生态位比较接近,它们之间的营养冗余较小。实证基地池塘的生物多样性比较低,构建而成的食物网简单。通过营养级构建出的能量金字塔中,消费者营养级别最低的是底栖软体动物、甲壳动物,然后是草食性鱼类,最后是肉食性或杂食性鱼类,它们占据食物网的最顶层。这种立体复合生态操纵技术可以有效进行生态系统恢复及重建,在大型湖泊及水库的富营养化治理中起到越来越重要的作用。碳氮稳定同位素的含量可以用来研究生态系统的营养结构。通过营养级构建出的能量金字塔在人工控制的简单生态系统中具有一定的参考价值。The stable isotope of C and N can be used to study the animal function and trophic structure of the ecosystem in multi-approach ecological manipulation pond of Qingcaosha reservoir.After the artificial casting a variety of fish species and the natural restoration in the pond,finally the ecosystem was in the reconstruction and its strong self purification ability recovers.In pond of Qingcaosha empirical base,δ13C andδ15 N range from-21.51‰to-13.60‰and 1.77‰to 938‰respectively and trophic levels ranges from 1to 3.24.Ecological niches of Hemiculter bleekeri bleekeri warpachowsky,Predatory Carp and Gobies are close to each other and there was little nutrition redundancy between them.Biodiversity of the reservoir was low so that the formed food web was simple.In the energy pyramid,which was established from the trophic level,the benthonic mollusks and reptiles ranges among the consumers of the lowest nutrition level,and then followed by the herbivorous fish,and finally was carnivorous or omnivorous fish,which occupy the top of the food web.The stereo composite ecological manipulation techniques can be used for the restoration and reconstruction of ecological system,which plays more and more important role in controlling the eutrophication of lakes and reservoirs.The content of carbon and nitrogen stable isotope can be used to study ecosystem trophic structure.This energy pyramid has a certain reference value for the simple ecosystem by manual operation.

关 键 词：稳定同位素 营养位置 生态修复 能量金字塔 

分 类 号：X37[环境科学与工程—环境工程]