上海市某社区学龄前儿童伤害与相关因素调查研究  

Injury of pre-school children and related factors in a community of Shanghai

作　　者：曲爽笑 王书梅[1] 郑文娟[1] 郭家宁[1] 曹志娟[1] 

机构地区：[1]复旦大学公共卫生学院,公共卫生安全教育部重点实验室,上海200032

出　　处：《中国预防医学杂志》2015年第3期191-195,共5页Chinese Preventive Medicine

基　　金：上海市公共卫生重点学科建设计划资助(12GWZX0301)

摘　　要：目的了解上海市某社区学龄前儿童伤害发生情况及家长幼儿伤害相关知识、信念和行为（KAP）情况,探索基于社区的学龄前儿童伤害干预对策。方法随机整群抽取某社区幼儿园3~6岁儿童家长936名,采用问卷调查学龄前儿童的伤害发生情况及家长对幼儿伤害预防的知识、态度和行为情况。采用t检验比较发生过伤害和未发生过伤害的学龄前儿童家长KAP得分差异。结果学龄前儿童伤害发生率为25.2%,男女之间差异无统计学意义（P=0.308）。最常见的伤害类型为跌倒/坠落伤（12.82%）和碰撞/挤压伤（7.59%）,主要发生在家里和居住区（16.56%）。家长的知识、态度和行为得分均低于85分,儿童发生伤害的家长行为得分比儿童不发生伤害的家长行为得分低,差异有统计学意义（P=0.002）。结论以社区为基础的干预可以整合多部门资源,共同改善伤害高发因素。干预既要关注发生率较高的伤害类型,同时也要关注家长监护行为中比较突出的不安全行为,包括药品、电源等危险物品的安置和防溺水方面,从而减少学龄前儿童伤害发生率。Objective To discuss the injuries of pre-school children and related factors,and to understand the knowledge,attitude and behavior（KAP）of parents toward the injuries,and to explore the community based intervention strategies. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among 936 parents of pre-school children aged 3-6years and randomly selected from a kindergarten in a community by cluster sampling method.Student t test was used for data analysis. Results The incidence of injury was 25.2%,and there was no difference between boys and girls（P=0.308）.Falling（12.82%）and colliding/crushing（7.59%）were the most common types of injury,which usually occurred at home and residential area.The scores of KAP were all less than 85,and the score of behavior was lower among parents whose children experienced injuries compared with those of children without（P=0.002）. Conclusions The incidence of injury among preschool children is relatively high and the total scores of KAP among parents are low,especially among those whose children have experienced injuries.Therefore,community based intervention should be strengthened and safety education should be improved among parents of pre-school children in order to decrease the incidence of injury.

关 键 词：安全社区 学龄前儿童 伤害干预 家长 知信行 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]