CO_2无机吸收剂及其吸收工艺进展  

Latest Advances in Inorganic Carbon Dioxide Absorbents and Absorption Technology

作　　者：史建公 刘志坚[2] 李沂濛[3] 张毅 张敏宏 

机构地区：[1]中石化催化剂(北京)有限公司,北京102400 [2]中国石化催化剂有限公司,北京100029 [3]天津医科大学,天津300071

出　　处：《中外能源》2015年第3期86-93,共8页Sino-Global Energy

基　　金：中国石化催化剂有限公司"碳捕集;利用及封存技术调研"项目(编号:14-05-02)阶段性成果

摘　　要：CO2的排放是造成全球气候变化的主要原因之一。减少CO2排放的主要途径之一是碳捕集。除了有机胺吸收剂外,无机吸收剂及其吸收工艺也是碳捕集的重要开发方向。工业上常用的CO2无机吸收剂有氢氧化钙、碳酸钾、碳酸钠和氨水。常见的无机吸收剂吸收工艺有：以碳酸钾为主要吸收剂的Benfield吸收工艺,其优点是设备材质大多数为碳钢,碳酸钾溶液耐氧而不降解;氨水工艺和冷冻氨工艺。利用MEA、DGA和氨水模拟CO2捕集的结果显示,在溶剂浓度较低时,氨水具有高的脱碳效率,是最好的溶剂。在高效和低的氨损失之间,采用较低浓度的氨水通过排放的废气流是较好的方案。较低的温度可以降低吸收塔的氨损,在吸收塔温度为-1~10℃范围时,可以采用冷冻氨为溶剂捕集CO2的工艺。在该工艺中,CO2主要以碳酸氢铵的形式脱除。CO2emission is one of major culprits causing global climate changes.The main approach to cutting CO2 emissions is carbon capturing.In addition to organic amine absorbents,inorganic CO2 absorbents and related absorption technology are also attracting much attention from researchers working on carbon capturing technology.Commonly used industrial inorganic CO2 absorbents include calcium hydroxide,potassium carbonate,sodium carbonate and ammonium hydroxide and commonly used inorganic absorption technologies include the Benfield technology,which uses potassium carbonate as the main absorbent,the ammonium hydroxide technology and the freezing ammonia technology.The advantages of the Benfield technology are that most parts of the equipment used are made from carbon steel and potassium carbonate solution is aerotolerant and non-degrad-able.The results of CO2 capture simulation using MEA,DGA and ammonium hydroxide show that ammonium hydroxide has high decarburization efficiency when solvent concentration is low and is the best solvent.Be-tween high efficiency and low ammonia loss,the best compromise is to flow low concentration of ammonium hydroxide through emitted exhaust streams.Low temperatures can reduce ammonia loss in the absorption tower.Within the temperature range of-1-10℃,freezing ammonia can be used as the solvent to capture CO2.In this process,CO2 is removed in the form of ammonium bicarbonate.

关 键 词：CO2捕集 氢氧化钙 碳酸钾 氨 Benfield吸收工艺 氨水工艺 冷冻氨工艺 

分 类 号：TQ424.2[化学工程]