茶互利素和蚜性信息素及其组合调控大草蛉行为的效应  

Behavioral responses of Chrysopa septempunctata to synomones of tea plants and sex pheromones of aphids: Effectiveness on tea aphid control

作　　者：崔林[1] 张新亭[1] 周宁宁[1] 叶火香[2] 余继忠[3] 祝愿[1] 韩宝瑜[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国计量学院浙江省生物计量及检验检疫技术重点实验室,杭州310018 [2]浙江省松阳县农业局,松阳323400 [3]杭州市农业科学研究院,杭州310008

出　　处：《生态学报》2015年第5期1537-1546,共10页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：杭州市科技计划项目(20130432B10)

摘　　要：茶蚜群聚于茶梢上刺吸,而茶梢是加工名优茶的原料,不便施药治蚜。大草蛉虽是茶蚜主要天敌之一,但在自然情况下不足以控制茶蚜。遂探讨以茶梢互利素、蚜虫性信息素及其组合引诱大草蛉制约茶蚜的技术。使用顶空吸附法采集蚜害茶梢和健康茶梢挥发物,经GC-MS分析发现蚜害茶梢(E)-2-戊烯醛、苯甲醛和α-法尼烯的含量丰富。将蚜害茶梢挥发物中16种主要成分、蚜虫性信息素荆芥内酯和荆芥醇、以及α-法尼烯、苯甲醛和荆芥醇的2∶2∶6比例混合物分别制成味源,这19种味源的剂量都是200!g。经检测发现荆芥醇、荆芥内酯、α-法尼烯、(E)-2-戊烯醛和苯甲醛引起大草蛉的EAG值明显大于其它13种单组分引起的EAG值,而小于α-法尼烯、苯甲醛和荆芥醇混合物引起的EAG值。再将荆芥内酯和荆芥醇分别按7种比例配成7种味源,还把α-法尼烯、苯甲醛和荆芥醇的2∶2∶6比例混合物、以及(Z)-3-己烯-1-醇、(E)-2-戊烯醛、(E)-2-己烯醛、苯甲醛和α-法尼烯分别作为味源,用这13种味源分别制成的诱芯于秋季茶园中诱集大草蛉,每个诱芯含有信息物质总量是10 mg,结果表明:α-法尼烯、苯甲醛和荆芥醇混合物的诱效最强,称为大草蛉诱集剂;荆芥内酯和荆芥醇1∶9或0∶10比例的混合物诱效次之。深秋置大草蛉诱集剂诱芯于蚜群中,可诱来许多大草蛉成虫捕食茶蚜,并产卵于茶园中而增加大草蛉幼虫越冬基数,翌年春季就近捕食越冬蚜卵孵化的茶蚜。该诱集剂及其使用技术可作为一种治理茶蚜手段。The tea aphid,Toxoptera aurantii（ Boyer）,aggregates,pierces and sucks the sap of the tea shoots. The chemical control is not practical and restricted,since the tender tea shoots are commonly used for producing quality tea leaves. The green lacewing,Chrysopa septempunctata Wesmael,is one of the most important natural enemies of the tea aphid. However,the effectiveness of using this predator to suppress tea aphid populations is limited by their dispersal behavior and inefficiency of prey search. Here,we proposed a new strategy for enhancing the biological control against thetea aphids by using the tea shoot synomones and the aphid sex pheromones as potential lacewing attractant lures. The volatiles were collected from aphid-damaged tea shoots and intact tea shoots by the headspace sampling technique,and analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry.（ E）-2-pentenal,benzaldehyde and α-farnesene were identified as three dominant volatile components,followed by other 13 compounds from aphid-damaged tea shoots. EAG responses by the lacewing antennae were tested on the 16 synthetic individual compounds identified from aphid-damaged tea shoots,the two known aphid sex pheromone components（ nepetalactone and nepetalactol）,and a synthetic mixture containing α-farnesene,benzaldehyde and nepetalactol at ratio of 2∶2∶6,at 200 !g loading dosage for each tested compound or mixture. Nepetalactol,nepetalactone,α-farnesene,（ E）-2-pentenal and benzaldehyde elicited higher EAG responses than did the other identified volatile components. However,the highest lacewing EAG response was observed to the synthetic mixture of α-farnesene,benzaldehyde and nepetalactol. This synthetic blend,aphid sex-pheromone,nepetalactone and nepetalactol,blends at seven different ratios（ 10∶0,9∶1,7.5∶2.5,5∶5,2.5∶7.5,1∶9,0∶10）,（ Z）-3-hexen-1-ol,（ E）-2-pentenal,（ E）-2-hexenal,benzaldehyde and α- farnesene,each at 10 mg dosage,were tested in the field. Our field trapping results showed that

关 键 词：茶树互利素 蚜虫性信息素 茶蚜 大草蛉 行为调控 草蛉诱集剂 荆芥醇 Α-法尼烯 苯甲醛 

分 类 号：S435.711[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]