海洋玫瑰杆菌类群研究进展  

Research progresses of marine Roseobacter lineage

作　　者：陈正浩[1,2] 张永雨[2,3] 杨素萍[1] 

机构地区：[1]华侨大学、生物工程与技术系,厦门361021 [2]中国科学院城市环境研究所、城市环境与健康重点实验室,厦门361021 [3]厦门大学、近海海洋环境科学国家重点实验室,厦门361005

出　　处：《生态学报》2015年第5期1620-1629,共10页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重大科学研究计划(2013CB955700);国家自然科学基金项目(41006087,31070054);厦门市科技计划项目(3502Z20132014);厦门大学近海海洋环境科学国家重点实验室访问学者基金(MELRS1206)

摘　　要：海洋玫瑰杆菌类群(Roseobacter lineage)是属于α-变形菌纲中的一类系统发育相近,但生理代谢功能多样的细菌类群,包含40多个不同的细菌种属。它们在海洋中丰度较高,且分布极为广泛,尤其在近海与极地海洋中,其丰度约占整个浮游细菌群落的15%—25%。玫瑰杆菌类群通过其多样化的生理代谢功能(如好氧不产氧光合作用、一氧化碳氧化、硫化物降解等)在海洋碳、硫循环和全球气候调节中发挥着重要作用。此外,玫瑰杆菌类群还能产生多种具生物活性的次生代谢物质。简要综述了海洋玫瑰杆菌类群的生态分布特征、生存方式、生理代谢功能、基因组特征等的一些研究进展,并结合作者的工作对未来的研究进行了展望。Marine Roseobacter clade is a phylogenetically coherent,but physiologically diverse group of α-Proteobacteria,with members sharing 89% identity of the 16 S rRNA gene. It contains more than 40 different genera. Roseobacter was found to be abundant in marine environment,especially in coastal and polar oceans,where Roseobacter clade comprises 15% —25% of the total bacterioplankton communities. Roseobacters also exist ubiquitously in the ocean. Based on culture collections,16 S rRNA clone libraries, and single-cell analyses, roseobacters have been identified in most marine environment sampled,such as sea ice,sea floor,hypersaline microbial mats,sponges,sea grasses,and coastal biofilms,etc. whereas,this bacterial group is noticeable absent in analogous freshwater and terrestrial soil environment. Quantitative 16 S rRNA gene analyses show that Roseobacter populations fall off with depth in the ocean,and are often most abundant in bacterial communities associated with marine algae. Roseobacter lineage is the only abundant marine group,whose cultivated representatives are closely related to the not-yet-cultivated environmental clone sequences. Diverse life styles have been found in Roseobacter clade, such as free living, particle associated, or in commensal relationships with marine phytoplankton,invertebrates,and vertebrates. Also,diverse physiological metabolic traits were found in this bacterial group. For example, some roseobacters can generate metabolic energy from light using the ancient purple bacterial mechanism of anaerobic photosynthesis without production of oxygen（ anaerobic anoxygenic photosynthesis）,while someroseobacters have the physiological metabolic traits of degradation of sulfur compounds or aromatics,oxidation of carbon monoxide,or reduction of trace metals,etc. Thus,it is considered that roseobacters may play important roles in marine carbon and sulfur cycles,as well as the global climate regulation. There are more than forty roseobacters whose whole genome sequences are available in the cur

关 键 词：玫瑰杆菌 好氧不产氧光合作用 硫代谢 次生代谢物质 玫瑰杆菌噬菌体 

分 类 号：Q93[生物学—微生物学]