类石墨烯化学中的挑战与机遇  

Challenges and opportunities in chemistry of graphene analogues

作　　者：胡鑫[1,2,3] 张晓东 谢毅[1,2,3] 

机构地区：[1]合肥微尺度物质科学国家实验室 [2]能源材料化学协同创新中心 [3]中国科学技术大学,合肥230026

出　　处：《中国科学：化学》2015年第3期234-250,共17页SCIENTIA SINICA Chimica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(11079004;21331005;11321503);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDB01020300)资助

摘　　要：类石墨烯结构超薄的厚度、较大的比表面积和优良的柔韧性为满足人们对便携式透明纳米器件的需求带来了希望.将类石墨烯结构的制备从典型层状材料扩展到层间具有较强作用力的准层状材料以及非层状材料,不但能够丰富类石墨烯材料的种类,而且还可能带来一系列革新的性能和广泛的应用.但是,由于类石墨烯材料在第三维度上缺乏长程有序,使其低维结构的表征和清晰构效关系的建立较为困难.本文系统总结了典型层状结构、准层状结构以及非层状结构类石墨烯材料的制备方法,调研了最近对类石墨烯材料精细结构和缺陷结构的研究进展以及对类石墨烯材料电子结构的调控方法,强调了它们结构-性质之间的关系.另外,描述了基于类石墨烯结构的透明、柔性器件在光电化学催化、光探测器、光电转换、超级电容器等领域中表现出的优异性能和广阔的应用前景.期望本文能够加深人们对这一领域的理解,为今后高效能源器件的设计提供指导.Graphene analogues can provide promising opportunities to satisfy people＇s requirement of transparent portable nanodevices because of their ultrathin thickness, huge specific surface area and high flexibility. Expanding the study area of graphene analogues with a nonlayered structure or quasi-layered structure with relatively strong bonds between the layers will not only enrich the family of two dimensional crystals with atomic thickness, but also bring us unprecedented excellent properties and wide applications. However, because of the lack of long-range order in the third dimensionality, the characterization of these low-dimensional structures and the understanding of their clear structure-property relationship encounter many great difficulties. In this review, we focus on the recent advances in synthetic strategies for graphene analogues with the layered structure, nonlayered structure as well as the quasi-layered structure with relatively strong bonds between the layers. And we survey the recent progresses in fine structure and defects characterization of the ultrathin two dimensional crystals, and furthermore overview the methods for modulation of their electronic structures. In addition, the structure-property relationship, transparent and flexible device construction as well as wide applications in photoelectrochemical water splitting, photodetectors, thermoelectric conversion, touchless moisture sensing and supercapacitors of the graphene analogues were also highlighted. It is anticipated that the present review will deepen people＇s understanding of this field and hence contribute to guide the future design of high-efficiency energy-related devices.

关 键 词：类石墨烯 精细结构 电子结构 透明/柔性器件 能源存储与转换 

分 类 号：O641[理学—物理化学]