劳动力务农机会成本对农地边际化的驱动作用  

Impact of the opportunity cost of farming labor on the agricultural land marginalization

作　　者：郝海广[1] 李秀彬[2] 张惠远[1] 张继平[3] 谈明洪[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院,北京100012 [2]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101 [3]北京市环境保护科学研究院,北京100037

出　　处：《干旱区资源与环境》2015年第3期50-56,共7页Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重大国际合作研究项目(41161140352)资助

摘　　要：劳动力务农机会成本是人口城市化阶段影响农户土地利用决策的重要因素。文中在农户经济学的理论框架下,建立农户决策模型剖析了务农机会成本对农地边际化的驱动机制,并以内蒙古太仆寺旗为例,利用农户调查数据计算和比较了劳动力务农的收益与机会成本,对理论推断进行验证。结果表明:由于劳动力务农机会成本不同,农户做出不同的劳动力配置和土地利用决策,进而形成纯农户、兼业户和非农就业户三种生计类型;在案例区务农机会成本较高的农户,在土地利用上表现为退耕还林、以较低的租金转租或赠送土地、粗放利用土地,均是农地边际化的表征;退耕还林政策与存在务农机会成本较低的农户两个方面因素使得案例区目前没有出现撂荒现象。随着我国城市化进程的推进和非农务工工资的上涨,会导致农地边际化的加剧。The opportunity cost of farming labor has important effects on farmers＇ land use decisions during the urbanization stage. Based on farm household economic theory,household decision model was formulated to deduce the driving mechanism of opportunity cost of farming labor on agricultural land marginalization. And then,taking Taipusi county in Inner Mongolia as an example,we calculated the benefit of land use and the opportunity cost of farming labor to verify theoretical postulates. The results showed that farm households formed three types of households： full time farming households,part time faming households,and non- farming households. Farm households with higher opportunity cost usually used their land extensively,returned farmland to forest,rented out land,or even gave up farming. The pattern of land use reflected the likelihood of agricultural land marginalization. There was no land abandonment because of implementation of the Grain for Green Policy and land transferring among farm households in the study area. It can be inferred that the accelerated development of urbanization and continuously rising of the wage in non- farm department will lead to widespread of agricultural land marginalization in the future.

关 键 词：农地边际化 务农机会成本 农户决策 太仆寺旗 

分 类 号：F30[经济管理—产业经济]