具有双向认证功能的多方量子密钥分发  

Multi-user quantum key distribution with mutual authentication

作　　者：林崧[1,2] 王宁[1,2] 郭躬德[1,2] 刘晓芬[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学数学与计算机科学学院,福州350007 [2]福建师范大学,福建省网络安全与密码技术重点实验室,福州350007

出　　处：《中国科学：物理学、力学、天文学》2015年第4期47-54,共8页Scientia Sinica Physica,Mechanica & Astronomica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(批准号:61202451);福建省教育厅A类重点项目(批准号:JA12062)资助

摘　　要：基于Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger态的纠缠特性,设计一个具有双向认证功能的多方量子密钥分发协议.在协议中,量子网络中的任意两个用户均可在一个半可信第三方的帮助下,共享一个安全的会话密钥.其中,利用带密钥的单向hash函数技术对每个用户的身份进行认证.最后,对协议的安全性进行分析,表明该协议在理论上是安全的.Based on the entanglement feature of Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states, a multi-user quantum key distribution with mutual authentication is proposed. In the protocol, a semi-trusted third party, who may misbehave on its own but will conspire with none of the participants, is introduced to help arbitrary two users on a quantum network to achieve this secure task. Firstly, the third party prepares a three-particle entangled state. Then, he keeps one particle in his hand, and sends two particles to these two users respectively. Meanwhile, a keyed one-way hash function is utilized to generate an authentication message, in terms of which three parties respectively make an appropriate single-particle measurement on the particles in their hands. According to the measurement results, the third party can verify the identity of one user. It implies that one user is able to authenticate the other user with the assistance of the third party. After that, two participants use the remainder measurement results to generate a common session key. Moreover, the practical implementation of the presented protocol is discussed, which illustrates that this protocol is feasible under the current techniques. In the end, the security of the presented protocol is analyzed. It is shown that this protocol is secure in theory by proving that the presented protocol can stand against several common attacks.

关 键 词：量子密码 多方量子密钥分发 Greenberger.Horne—Zeilinger态 身份认证 半可信第三方 

分 类 号：O413.1[理学—理论物理] TN918.1[理学—物理]