2012—2013年兴宁市狂犬病暴露人群流行特征分析  

Analysis on epidemiological characteristics of rabies-exposed population in Xingning City from 2012-2013

作　　者：何宇兰 温万敏 

机构地区：[1]广东省兴宁市疾病预防控制中心,514500

出　　处：《职业与健康》2015年第4期546-548,共3页Occupation and Health

摘　　要：目的了解2012—2013年兴宁市狂犬病门诊暴露人群流行特征,为狂犬病预防控制及门诊暴露人群处置工作提供科学依据。方法收集兴宁市2012—2013年狂犬病门诊暴露人群监测资料,对资料进行描述流行病学统计。结果兴宁市2012—2013年共监测报告16 699例狂犬病暴露人员,年均暴露率706.53/10万,男女性别比为1.06∶1;中老年组暴露人数较多,占46.21%;职业以农民为主,占54.33%;暴露高发季节为夏秋季;伤人动物以家犬为主,占71.28%;受伤部位主要在下肢,占57.10%;暴露分级以Ⅱ级为主,占83.63%;暴露后24 h内就诊的占79.71%;Ⅲ级暴露人群中有35.66%在接种狂犬疫苗的同时接种了人狂犬病免疫球蛋白。结论兴宁市狂犬病暴露率高,Ⅲ级暴露人群狂犬病免疫球蛋白接种率低,存在发生狂犬病的安全隐患,应加强狂犬病预防控制知识宣传工作,通过采取提高新农合补偿标准并将人狂犬病免疫球蛋白纳入补偿范围的措施,切实提高Ⅲ级暴露人群的人狂犬病免疫球蛋白使用率。[Objective]To understand the epidemiological characteristics of rabies-exposed population in Xingning City from 2012- 2013, provide scientific basis for prevention and control of rabies, and the disposal in outpatient department.[Methods]The monitoring data of rabies-exposed population in outpatient department in Xingning City from 2012-2013 were collected and analyzed with descriptive epidemiological method.[Results]A total of 16699 rabies-exposed cases were reported in Xingning City from 2012-2013, the average annual exposure rate was 706.53/lakh, and the male-to-female ratio was 1.06：1. 46.21% of cases were middle-aged and old people. The famers accounted for 54.33 %. The peak seasons were summer and autumn, and 71.28% of injuries were caused by dog. 57.10% of wounds occurred in lower limb, and 83.63% of wounds were grade I]. 79.71% of cases visited the hospitals within 24 hours after exposure, and only 35.66% patients with grade Ⅲ injury were injected vaccination and human rabies immunoglobulin at the same time. [Conclusion]The rate of rabies exposure is high in Xingning City, and the coverage rate of human rabies immunoglobulin among patients with grade Ⅲ injury is low, which indicates that there is hidden danger of rabies. The health education about rabies prevention should be strengthened. It is necessary to improve the compensation standard of the new rural cooperative medical system, include the human rabies immunoglobulin in the compensation range, to increase the coverage rate of human rabies immunoglobulin among patients with grade Ⅲ injury.

关 键 词：狂犬病 暴露人群 流行特征 

分 类 号：R181.3[医药卫生—流行病学]