河南省干旱的时空分布规律与趋势分析  

Spatial-temporal distribution and trend analysis of drought in Henan Province

作　　者：李谢辉[1] 张超[1] 姚佳林 

机构地区：[1]成都信息工程学院大气科学学院、高原大气与环境四川省重点实验室,四川成都610225 [2]山西省人工降雨防雹办公室,山西太原030032

出　　处：《西北师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2015年第2期85-91,104,共8页Journal of Northwest Normal University(Natural Science)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(41275033,41001359);四川省教育厅科研基金资助项目(14ZA0161,11ZZ014);成都信息工程学院科研基金资助项目(J201310,KYTZ201404)

摘　　要：利用河南省1973—2012年的日平均气温和降水数据逐日计算综合气象干旱指数IC,通过统计各季节的干旱发生频率、强度、天数分析河南省干旱发生频率、空间分布、随季节的演变和年际、年代际变化,同时对全球变暖背景下的干旱时空分布规律和趋势进行分析.结果表明,河南省干旱具有显著的向北增多的分布特征,无论干旱的发生频率、持续天数还是强度都是北部地区大于南部地区,安阳、新乡是干旱最严重的地区.从干旱发生的季节性来看,易发生全省性春、秋旱,发生频率均在75%以上.从干旱的多年平均发生天数来看,春、夏和秋季易发生大范围轻旱,大部分地区的干旱天数在15d以上;大范围的重旱、特旱不易发生.从趋势分析来看,春、秋旱呈增加趋势,夏、冬旱呈减少趋势.在所统计的年份中,1978,1988,1995,1997和2001年是干旱最严重的5年.This study focuses on the spatial-temporal distribution of the droughts in Henan Province.Based on daily air temperature and rainfall observations through 1974 to 2012,we calculated daily comprehensive meteorological drought index（IC）,analyzed the temporal evolution and spatial distribution of drought,defined the rank level,and then further investigated the variation of drought frequency and amplitude as well as its seasonality and the interannual and interdecadal variabilities.The results show that：the drought in Henan Province has a significant latitudinal distribution,which occurs in the northern area more than in the southern regardless of its frequency,duration or intensity.Anyang and Xinxiang are the two counties which suffer drought most seriously.As for its seasonality,spring and autumn are two seasons with highest occurrence which is nearly above 75%.As for annual mean of drought days,the light-level drought favors to occur in spring,summer and autumn,with 15 dor so,but the heavy-level drought occurs hardly in the seasons.One trend analysis shows a significant increase in the drought occurrence in both spring and autumn,and a reduction in both summer and winter.During the past four decades,1978,1988,1995,1997 and 2001are the most drought five years.

关 键 词：干旱 综合气象干旱指数IC 时空分布 趋势分析 河南省 

分 类 号：P429[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]