医院药物皮肤敏感试验现状调查分析  

Survey and analysis of dermal sensitivity test

作　　者：张文[1] 王鹏[2] 张桂芳[1] 王倩[1] 张鉴[1] 

机构地区：[1] 山东大学附属省立医院药剂科,济南250021 [2] 山东大学附属千佛山医院药学部

出　　处：《中国医药》2015年第4期566-568,共3页China Medicine

基　　金：山东省科技发展计划（2013YD18012）

摘　　要：目的 调查医院药物皮肤敏感试验（皮试）的执行现状并分析其影响因素.方法 通过设计问卷形式评价医师、护师对药物皮试的执行情况和认知程度.结果 本次调查发放问卷150份,收回有效问卷139份,应答率92.7％.应答者中医师65名,护师74名.调查结果显示,临床实际用药时进行皮试的药物前3位分别是青霉素类注射剂[100.0％（139/139）]、头孢菌素类注射剂[100.0％ （139/139）]和碳青霉烯类注射剂[10.1％ （14/139）];137名（98.6％）医务人员认为应遵照药品说明书,另有85名（61.2％）认为同时应遵照国家及医院的相关规定;临床医务人员对于药物皮试的问题存在诸多疑问,前3位分别是要求做皮试的药物品种不明确[82.0％ （114/139）]、皮试液配制方法不明确[45.3％ （63/139）]、药物的皮试阳性判定标准不明确[18.7％（26/139）].结论 由于法规监管缺失、认知差异等因素,药物皮试执行时缺乏统一标准,临床用药时存在安全隐患,亟待干预改进.Objective To analyze the current status of the dermal sensitivity test use and its influence factor. Methods A self-made questionnaire survey was conducted to assess the implementation and cognitive degree of doctors and nurses tor dermal sensitivity test. Results There were 150 questionnaires and 139 were available with response rate of 92.7% , including 65 doctors and 74 nurses. The survey found that penicillin injection [ 100.0% （139/139） ], cephalosporin injection [ 100.0% （139/139） ] and carbapenem injection [ 10.1% （ 14/ 139） ] were the top 3 drugs with dermal sensitivity test. One hundred and thirty-seven medical stuffs （98.6%） believed that the drug instruction should be followed and 85 medical stuffs （61.2%） believed that the relevant na- tional and hospital regulation should be tollowed. The clinical staffs had many questions about the dermal sensitivity test, including the drug species [ 82.0% （114/139）], the preparation method of the skin test solution [ 45.3% （63/139） ] and the positive criteria of the dermal sensitivity test [ 18.7% （26/139）]. Conclusion No unified standards are executed in dermal sensitivity test because of the lack of regulations and the cognitive differences, which leads to potential medication safety problems.

关 键 词：药物 变态反应 皮肤敏感试验 调查 

分 类 号：R969.3[医药卫生—药理学]