超级杂交晚稻不同生育阶段氮素亏缺与补偿效应  

Nitrogen Deficiency and Compensatory Effects in Super Hybrid Late Rice during Different Growth and Development Stages

作　　者：陈小荣[1] 黄磊[1] 钟蕾[1] 黄文贇 贺浩华[1] 

机构地区：[1]江西农业大学作物生理生态与遗传育种教育部重点实验室/江西省作物生理生态与遗传育种重点实验室/农学院,江西南昌330045

出　　处：《江西农业大学学报》2015年第1期11-19,共9页Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31360309;30860136);江西省科技支撑计划资助项目(2010BNA03600)

摘　　要：为探明超级杂交晚稻不同生育阶段氮素亏缺与补偿效应,以五丰优T025为材料,通过盆栽方式,分别于幼苗期、分蘖期、幼穗分化期、抽穗期及乳熟期进行不施氮,后一生育阶段等量和加倍恢复供氮处理,考查产量及其构成、干生物质量及分蘖、氮素的吸收与利用等。结果表明,分蘖期不施氮明显减少了超级杂交晚稻的分蘖数和茎、叶、穗部器官干生物质量,以穗器官最明显;分蘖期和幼穗分化期不施氮使超级杂交晚稻单株产量显著降低,而幼苗期及抽穗期后缺氮对单株产量影响较小;分蘖期缺氮显著降低了超级杂交晚稻单株有效穗数,幼穗分化期缺氮对每穗总粒数、结实率和千粒质量影响大;超级杂交晚稻单株产量、单株有效穗数、每穗总粒数、分蘖及干生物质量均存在一定的氮素亏缺补偿效应,各指标补偿效应的大小及补偿有效期存在一定的差异性,未发现结实率存在明显的氮素亏缺补偿效应,而千粒质量补偿效应也极小;分蘖期至抽穗期,尤其是幼穗分化期保证氮素的充分供应,控制籽粒乳熟后氮肥的使用对超级杂交晚稻氮肥农学利用率(ANUE)、氮肥吸收效率(NUPE)、氮收获指数(NHI)、氮肥生理利用率(NPE)、氮肥偏生产力(PFP)可起到优化的效果;总体上,超级杂交晚稻氮素亏缺的敏感期为分蘖期至幼穗分化期,补偿有效临界期为抽穗期。In order to reveal the responses to nitrogen deficiency and compensation in super hybrid late rice at different growth stages,yield and its components,dry matter weight and tillers,nitrogen uptake and use were investigated with Wufengyou T025 as material under the treatment of nitrogen deficiency at the stages of young seedling,tillering,young panicle differentiation,heading,milk maturation then equal and double quantity nitrogen recovery application at the later stage by means of pot experiments. The results showed that nitrogen deficiency at the tillering stage obviously reduced tillers,dry matter weight for the organ of stem,leaf,and panicle,especially the panicle organ was affected the most.Nitrogen deficiency at the tillering stage and young panicle differentiation stage decreased the yield per plant in super hybrid late rice significantly,while there were light effects of nitrogen deficiency at the young seedling stage and after heading on its yield per plant.Nitrogen deficiency at the tillering stage remarkably reduced the effective panicles per plant,while the grains per panicle,seed-setting rate,1000-grain weight and harvest index were evidently affected by nitrogen deficiency at the young panicle differentiation stage.There were definite compensatory effects to nitrogen deficiency on the yield per plant,effective panicles per plant,grains per panicle,tillers and dry matter weight in the super hybrid late rice,however,the degrees of the compensatory size and effective stage for each index were various. There was no compensatory effect to nitrogen deficiency on the seed-setting rate,and that of 1000-grain weight was minor in super hybrid late rice. In general,nitrogen application sufficiently from the tillering stage to the heading stage,especially at the young panicle differentiation stage and controlling nitrogen after application grain milking stage would optimize the indexes of agronomic nitrogen use efficiency（ ANUE）,nitrogen uptake efficiency（ NUPE）,nitrogen harvest index（ NHI）,nitrogen

关 键 词：超级杂交晚稻 氮素亏缺 生长发育 产量及构成因素 氮肥利用 补偿效应 

分 类 号：S511.33[农业科学—作物学]