创造力与精神障碍:实证心理学的探讨  

Creativity and Mental Disorders:A Review of the Empirical Evidence

作　　者：邹泓[1] 曾荣[1] 王娟[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学发展心理研究所,北京100875

出　　处：《北京师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2015年第2期38-49,共12页Journal of Beijing Normal University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社科基金"十一五"规划2008年度教育学国家重点课题"青少年创新能力的认知神经基础及其培养"(ABA080004)

摘　　要：关于"疯狂天才"的讨论由来已久,但以实证手段探讨创造力与精神障碍之间的关系始于20世纪80年代末。通过对创造力与双相谱系障碍、精神分裂谱系障碍以及其他几种类型精神障碍之间相关研究的梳理,可以认为虽没有足够证据表明精神疾患可直接带来个体较高的创造性,但两者之间(尤其是在文学和艺术领域中)的确存在一定程度的共生现象。适度的双相障碍症状和轻微的精神分裂症谱系人格特质与创造力有一定关联,而精神分裂症和严重的双相障碍则会损害个体的创造力。对于创造力和精神障碍存在的这一共生现象,文章从认知加工、遗传与脑机制、人格特质及发展背景几个角度回顾了相应的理论解释和研究证据。The relationship between the people of genius and mental disorder has been a time-honored topic since the Classical times,while empirical study methods have also been employed in this area since the 1980 s.Through the analysis of an empirical study,this paper scrutinizes the relationships between creativity and bipolar spectrum disorders,schizophrenia spectrum disorders and other types of mental disorder,and a certain extent of symbiosis of creativity and mental disorder（especially in literature and art areas）,even though there has been no sufficient evidence for causal relationship between mental disorder and creativity.It is found that minor bipolar disorders and schizotypal personality are positively correlative to creativity whereas schizophrenia and serious bipolar are harmful.Then,theories and empirical evidences from a wide range of perspectives including cognitive processing,genetic and brain mechanism,personality traits and environments are pulled together to reach a further understanding of the symbiosis of creativity and mental disorder.

关 键 词：创造力 精神障碍 双相谱系障碍 精神分裂谱系障碍 

分 类 号：B848[哲学宗教—心理学]