汉语有宾长“被”字句的生成机制研究——兼论不同语言学理论的差异性和互补性  

A Study on the Generative Mechanism of Chinese Bei Sentences with Subjects and Objects: On the Distinction and Complementarity between Different Linguistic Theories

作　　者：马志刚[1] 田启林[2] 

机构地区：[1]广东外语外贸大学外国语言学及应用语言学研究中心,广东广州510420 [2]浙江工业大学外国语学院,浙江杭州310023

出　　处：《解放军外国语学院学报》2015年第2期8-15,31,共9页Journal of PLA University of Foreign Languages

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目"基于语料库的汉英会话自我修补对比研究"(14BYY149);教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目(12JJD740010)

摘　　要：汉语有宾"被"字句中的领属关系可分为隶属关系和整体—部分关系,而亲属关系本质上并非领属关系。据此,文献中基于隶属关系和整体—部分关系所形成的有宾"被"字句可以基于最简句法的操作原则形成常规性和习语性两种次类句式,而基于亲属关系的"张三被打死了爸爸"则不合语法。文章基于合并操作的最简理念为两类有宾"被"字句提供了统一的生成机制,并指出自然语言句法生成机制的运作并不能完全独立于程式性语言单位,因此汉语句法研究既要遵守句式生成的原则性也要顾及因使用频率累积而成的习语性。The possessive relationship encoded in the Chinese Bei sentences with subjects and objects can be classified into Possessive relationship and All-part relationship,whereas the kinship relationship is by nature not a type of possessive relationship. Thus,Chinese Bei sentences with subjects and objects that are encoded with the Possessive relationship and All-part relationship respectively have regular syntactic structure and idiomatic syntactic structure,whereas'Zhangsan Bei dasile Baba'encoded with kinship relationship doesn't have much grammaticality. The present article,on the basis of minimalist thesis,provides a unified generative mechanism for the above two types of Chinese Bei sentences with subjects and objects. Meanwhile,this article holds that the operation of generative mechanism can not at all be independent of the prefabricated formulaic units in languages,thereby proposing that the principles that syntactic research should abide by and the idiomaticity accumulated in the frequent use of syntactic units are both relevant in language studies.

关 键 词：隶属关系 整体—部分关系 有宾“被”字句 常规性 习语性 

分 类 号：H146.3[语言文字—汉语]