5M1E分析法在住院患者自杀危险因素分析及预防中的应用  

Application of “5M1E” in the analysis of risk factors and prevention of suicide for inpatients

作　　者：胡德英[1] 黄笛[1] 刘义兰[1] 韩燕红[1] 

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学同济医学院附属协和医院护理部,武汉430022

出　　处：《中华现代护理杂志》2015年第6期656-659,共4页Chinese Journal of Modern Nursing

基　　金：华中科技大学2013年自主创新基金（01-18-530069）

摘　　要：目的：分析影响住院患者自杀的相关危险因素，为减少住院患者自杀、加强医院护理安全管理提供理论依据。方法回顾性分析2009年1月—2013年12月某三甲医院住院患者自杀的相关数据资料，利用描述性统计分析方法，结合5M1E分析法对数据资料从人员、机器、材料、方法、测量与环境6个方面进行分析。结果从人员角度，医务人员自杀认知水平低，患者存在程度不同的人格障碍、认知缺陷或缺乏社会支持等，家属对患者的陪伴不够；从机器角度，医院的门窗等设施存在缺陷；从材料角度，住院患者较易获得自杀工具；从方法角度，医院管理存在薄弱环节，缺乏自杀评估及防御机制；从测量角度，缺乏科学的心理评估及心理干预体系；从环境角度，医院物理和人文环境的管理欠缺。结论通过5 M1 E分析法全面分析住院患者自杀的相关危险因素，并提出有针对性的预防措施，以避免或减少住院患者自杀，提高医院护理安全质量。Objective To analyze the risk factors of suicide of inpatients , and to provide a theoretical basis for the reduction of inpatient suicide and consolidation of nursing safety management .Methods To analyze the data related to inpatient suicide , using descriptive statistical analysis and “5M1E”method to analyze the data from six aspects of human , machine, material, method, measurement and environment .Results For the human factors , the medical staff lacked the suicidal awareness , and patients had personality disorder , cognitive defects, lack of company or social support of inpatients .For the machine factors, the doors, windows and other facilities had defects in design .For the material factors , it was easier to access to suicide tools for inpatients.For the method factor , there were management weaknesses , lack of suicidal assessment and defense mechanisms .For the measurement factors , there was a lack of psychological evaluation and intervention system . Fort the environment factors , there were flawed management of hospital physical and human environment . Conclusions Using“5M1E”method to comprehensively analyze the risk factors of suicide of inpatients , and proposing the preventive measures can avoid or reduce inpatients suicide and improve the quality of nursing safety .

关 键 词：住院患者 自杀 危险因素 事故预防 5M1E分析法 

分 类 号：R473[医药卫生—护理学]