不同施肥水平对夏黑葡萄生长性状的影响  

Effects of different fertilization levels on the growth traits of Summer Black Grape

作　　者：刘助生[1,2] 李顺辉[1,2] 黄志琼[1,2] 杨艺玲[1,2] 黄丽秀[1,2] 邱巧玲[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]广西农业科学院桂北分院 [2]桂林市农业科学院,广西桂林541006

出　　处：《南方农业学报》2015年第2期228-231,共4页Journal of Southern Agriculture

基　　金：广西科学研究与技术开发计划项目(桂科能11217001-8);桂林市科学研究与技术开发计划项目(20120118-7)

摘　　要：【目的】研究桂北生态条件下不同施肥水平对夏黑葡萄生长性状的影响,为其大田生产提供科学依据。【方法】在平棚稀植（株行距2 m×8 m）,每公顷覆盖油菜秸秆3150.00 kg,施石灰630.00 kg、硫酸镁63.00 kg、硫酸锌15.75 kg、硼砂15.75 kg为基肥的栽培条件下,以4年生夏黑为试材,设7个不同N、P、K配比试验,以不施肥为对照,观察分析不同施肥水平对夏黑植株生长、结果及翌年成花性状的影响。【结果】夏黑植株的茎粗、新梢节间长度及新梢粗度与施N量的增加成正比;随着施N量增加,新梢变色期推迟,翌年枝条成花率降低,在合适的施N量范围内,增施K肥能促进新梢变色期提早。在施N 0-36.60 kg/ha时,N对产量的作用大于P和K,单穗重、单粒重和产量随着施N量的增加而增加;当施N73.05 kg/ha时,产量不增反而降低。综合夏黑植株生长势、果实品质、产量及翌年成花率等因素,以施N 36.60 kg/ha、P2O511.85 kg/ha、K2O 47.25 kg/ha较适宜。【结论】夏黑属生长势旺的早熟品种,栽培过程中应适当控制N肥施用量。【Objective】The effects of different fertilization levels on the growth traits of Summer Black Grape were studied to provide scientific references for its field production. 【Method】The cultivation conditions were made as follows：thin planting in flat shed（row spacing ：2 m ×8 m）, rape stalk coverage of 3150.00 kg per hectare and base fertilizer application consisting of 630.00 kg lime, 63.00 kg magnesium sulfate, 15.75 kg zinc sulfate and 15.75 kg borax. With4-year Summer Black Grape as experimental material, 7 treatments were designed with different ratios of N, P, K fertilizer and no fertilization as the control to observe and analyze the effects of different fertilization levels on the plant growth,fruit and the following year flowering traits of Summer black Grape. 【Result 】The stem diameter,the internode length and thickness of new shoots of Summer Black Grape were proportional to the increase of nitrogen application rate. As the nitrogen application rate increased,the discoloration of new shoots delayed and the following year flowering rate of decreased. in appropriate range of nitrogen amount,more potassium could advance the discoloration of new shoots. When nitrogen application was within the range of 0-36.60 kg/ha, the effect of nitrogen on produce of Summer black Grape was greater than that of phosphorus and potassium,and the fruit weight,panicle weight and yield increased with the nitrogen application increase. When nitrogen application reached 73.05 kg/ha,the yield of Summer black Grape descended. Synthetically considering factors such as plant growth vigor,fruit quality,yield and the following year flowering rate of Summer black Grape, the most appropriate fertilizer turned out to be 36.60 kg N,11.85 kg P2O5 and K2O47. 25 kg per hectare. 【 Conclusion 】 During its cultivation time of summer Black Grape, nitrogen amount should be properly controlled.

关 键 词：夏黑葡萄 施肥水平 性状 产量 影响 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]