汉语方言语音史研究的若干理论与方法——以吴语为例  

The Theories and Methods in the Historical Study of Phonologies of Chinese Dialects:A Case Study of Wu Dialect

作　　者：郑伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学中文系,上海200241

出　　处：《语言科学》2015年第1期25-46,共22页Linguistic Sciences

基　　金：教育部霍英东教育基金会基础性研究课题(141105);华东师范大学"紫江青年学者"科研启动项目基金的支持

摘　　要：汉语方言语音史的研究近年来引起了越来越多的关注。文章以吴语为例,具体说明汉语方音史研究应该注意的若干理论与方法。文章认为,研究的理论框架主要包括语言层次、词汇扩散和语言类型学。词汇扩散强调音变的基本单位是词汇,层次理论涉及内部演化和外部接触等不同的演变方式。文白异读只是个相对的概念,白读音是口语音,但文读音既可以是读书音,也可以是口语音,它和音变单位、音变方式均有密切关系。类型学的历时蕴含理论为方言语音史提供了科学的视角和演绎的方法。比较方法、结构分析法分别强调从共时平面的地理分布和音类分布获取历史演变的信息,文献考证法则为共时分析提供了重要的历史证据。More attention is being paid to the historical study of the phonology of Chinese dialects. In this paper, we discuss some related theories and methods with regard to the historical study of Chinese phonology, including language strata, lexical diffusion and typology, using the phonological history of the Wu dialect. Lexical diffusion theory holds that the basic unit of sound change is word. Stratum theory focuses on the difference between internal evolution and external contact. It＇s noticeable that literary and colloquial readings is just a relative concept. The literary reading can occur either in book reading or in vernacular speech while the colloquial reading can only occur in vernacular speech, which is related to the unit and way of sound change. The theory of diachronic implication in linguistic typology provides a scientific perspective and research method. The methods of comparison, structural analysis and typological analysis emphasize on collection of information from phonological evolution of Chinese dialects. The method of literary research also provides synchronic analysis with very important historical evidence as well.

关 键 词：汉语语音史 汉语方音史 吴语 研究理论 方法论 

分 类 号：H173[语言文字—汉语]