安徽主栽蔬菜施肥现状调查及对策  

Present Status Survey and Countermeasure of Applying Fertilizer to Main Vegetable Types in Anhui Province

作　　者：韩上 武际[1] 钱晓华[2] 郭熙盛[1] 胡荣根[2] 单梦超 王道中[1] 

机构地区：[1]安徽省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所安徽养分循环与资源环境省级实验室,安徽合肥230031 [2]安徽省土壤肥料总站,安徽合肥230001

出　　处：《中国蔬菜》2015年第4期15-19,共5页China Vegetables

基　　金：安徽省科技厅项目(1406 c085025)

摘　　要：采用抽样调查的方法,对安徽省2012、2013年度的蔬菜施肥状况进行调查,分析安徽省蔬菜施肥现状及存在的问题。结果显示,被调查农户种植的常用蔬菜有26种,其中辣椒、番茄、黄瓜、大白菜、花椰菜、茄子等6种蔬菜的种植面积占调查总面积的67.4%,且种植户数最多,达调查总样本数的52.1%。种植这6种蔬菜的所有田块均施用了化肥,施用有机肥的比例仅为30.4%;化学氮肥投入量均在300 kg·hm-2以上,化肥投入的平均N∶P2O5∶K2O为1∶0.46∶0.49,不同种类蔬菜有机肥投入量差异较大。6种蔬菜的平均施肥次数为3.2次。6种蔬菜中黄瓜产量最高,茄子产值最高,蔬菜产值和肥料投入量间呈极显著正相关。生产中应改善施肥技术,加快测土配方施肥技术在蔬菜生产上的应用。An investigation on vegetable fertilization in 2012 and 2013 was carried out in Anhui Province using sampling survey method,and the present status and existing problems of fertilization were analized and studied.The result indicated that there were 26 common vegetable species planted by surveyed househods in Anhui Province,among them 6 vegetables（pepper,tomato,cucumber,Chinese cabbage,cauliflower and eggplant） planted mostly by peasant households,were the main vegetable types in Anhui Province,which accounted for 52.1%and 67.4%of the total households number and vegetable acreage,respectively. Chemical fertilizers were applied in all farmlands,organic fertilizer only took 30.4%.The applications of nitrogen fertilizer all exceeded 300 kg·hm-2 in these 6 vegetables,and the average ration of N∶P2O5∶K2O was 1∶0.46∶0.49. There were big differences in organic fertilizer application among 6 vegetables.The average fertilizer applying frequency was 3.2 times in the whole vegetable growth period. The result also showed that cucumber yield was the highest,eggplant had the highest output value,and vegetable output value had significant positive correlation with fertilizer input. We should improve the current fertilizer applying technology,and speed up the application of soil testing and fertilizer recommendation technology in vegetable production.

关 键 词：安徽省 蔬菜 施肥 调查 

分 类 号：S63[农业科学—蔬菜学]