机插株行距和施氮量对杂交水稻产量及氮素吸收利用的影响  

Effects of Machine-transplanting Spacing and Nitrogen Rate on Yield and Nitrogen Uptake and Use in Hybrid Rice

作　　者：邓中华[1] 郭晨[1] 侯文峰[1] 徐维明 邹家龙 杨运清 李小坤[1] 

机构地区：[1]农业部长江中下游耕地保育重点实验室/华中农业大学资源与环境学院,湖北武汉430070 [2]沙洋县土壤肥料工作站,湖北沙洋448200 [3]荆州市荆州区土壤肥料工作站,湖北荆州434100

出　　处：《杂交水稻》2015年第2期75-79,共5页Hybrid Rice

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费项目(201303103);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(2013PY113);长江学者和创新团队发展计划(IRT1247)

摘　　要：采用田间试验研究机插株行距和氮肥施用对杂交水稻产量、氮素吸收利用的影响,以期为机插水稻合理施肥提供理论依据。结果表明,与常规手插株行距处理相比,2个试验点(沙洋、荆州)机插株行距条件下各施氮处理水稻产量均有增加趋势,有效穗数显著增加,但每穗实粒数减少、结实率下降。2个试验点水稻产量均随施氮量的增加呈先升后降的趋势,各施氮处理与不施氮处理相比显著增产。机插株行距下,沙洋(丰两优9号)、荆州(广两优476)2地水稻最佳氮肥用量分别为173.2和176.4 kg/hm2。与常规手插株行距处理相比,2个试验点机插株行距处理水稻氮素吸收量增加,氮肥吸收利用率和农学利用率提高。适宜的氮肥用量条件下,机插株行距可以提高群体的有效穗数,协调产量构成因素,较常规手插株行距在减少氮肥投入的同时能获得更高的产量。To provide scientific basis for rational fertilization of machine-transplanted rice,the effects of the plantrow spacing for mechanized transplanting and the applying rate of nitrogen were studied on grain yield and the uptake and use efficiency of nitrogen in hybrid rice at two experimental sites Shayang and Jingzhou in Hubei Province.The results showed that the treatments of all N rates with machine-transplanting plant-row spacing（ 16 cm × 30 cm）had a higher yield,with much more productive panicles per hectare but fewer filled grains per panicle and a lower seed-setting rate,than those with conventional manual-transplanting plant-row spacing（ 20 cm × 24 cm） at both trial sites. At both sites,the grain yield was increased with N rates till the rate was over 165 kg / hm2,and the treatments with N application had significantly higher yields than those without N application. It was found that the optimal N rates were 173. 2 kg / hm2 for Fengliangyou 9 at Shayang and 176. 4 kg / hm2 for Guangliangyou 476 at Jingzhou under the machine-transplanting spacing. Compared with the treatments of conventional manual-transplanting spacing,the treatments of machine-transplanting spacing had higher nitrogen uptake,nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen agronomic use efficiency. With more productive panicles of population and coordinated yield components under appropriate N rates,the machine-transplanting spacing could achieve a higher grain yield with a lower N rate needed than the conventional manual-transplanting spacing.

关 键 词：杂交水稻 机插 株行距 施氮量 产量 氮肥吸收利用 

分 类 号：S511.06[农业科学—作物学] S143