农村扶贫工作中的弱势群体识别问题  

How to Identify Vulnerable Groups in Poverty Alleviation in Rural China?

作　　者：王剑利[1] 庄孔韶[2] 宋雷鸣[3] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学社会科学学院 [2]浙江大学人类学研究所 [3]厦门大学人类学与民族学系

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报（社会科学版）》2015年第2期91-97,共7页Journal of China Agricultural University;Social Sciences

基　　金：国务院扶贫办外资项目管理中心"贫困农村地区可持续发展项目弱势群体识别研究"资助

摘　　要：在中国农村扶贫工作的多年实践中,贫困农村社区的弱势群体是最重要的目标人群和受益对象,组织人类学的观点探索以何种原则与视角识别农村弱势群体,有利于在扶贫工作中提升该群体的生存主体性与发展的积极性。农村发展实践进入行政村和基层社区层面的微观操作时,不仅要识别个体层面的弱势者,还需要识别组织层面的"弱势社区"/"弱势自然村"。相应地,开发具有操作性的弱势群体指标体系,应该是一种立体综合的、开放性的、工具箱式的指标体系,并以地方应用为导向,主要应用于中观层次(县域内)或微观层次(乡镇之内、行政村内)的弱势群体识别。Poverty alleviation practice in rural China recognizes vulnerable groups of poor rural community as the most important target as well as beneficiary. This research, by the following anthropological organization study, discusses how to define and recognize those vulnerable groups, thus their initiative and positivity can be promoted in poverty alleviation practice. On this basis, authors believe that when rural development projects enter the microcosmic operational stage ant the levels of administrative villages and communities, it is not only important to identity the vulnerable individuals, but also es- sential to identify ＇ vulnerable communities/natural villages＇ . Authors hope to further put forward proposal for poverty alleviation targeting, like develop disadvantaged groups index system with operability, which takes local utilization as orientation, and mainly apply to identifying disadvantaged group from moderate level （inside county） and microcosmic level （inside towns and administrative villages）.

关 键 词：扶贫 组织人类学 弱势社区 弱势群体识别指标体系 

分 类 号：D422.6[政治法律—政治学] F323.8[政治法律—国际共产主义运动]