司马光施政理念在历史编纂中的表达——从《资治通鉴补》对原作的改动说起  

The Expression of Sima Guang's Political Ideas in Historical Compilation:From the Edition on the Original in Zizhi tongjian bu

作　　者：姜鹏[1] 

机构地区：[1]复旦大学历史系,上海200433

出　　处：《复旦学报（社会科学版）》2015年第2期22-35,共14页Fudan Journal（Social Sciences）

基　　金：2009年度国家教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目"唐宋政治思想转型视域中的<资治通鉴>"(项目批准号:09YJC770006)阶段性成果之一

摘　　要：《资治通鉴》问世后,对其注释、订补、改写、续写之作不断出现。明代学者严衍的《资治通鉴补》是其中非常有代表性的订补著作。在《资治通鉴》卷十六汉景帝后元三年、卷十七汉武帝建元元年这一段历史书写中,司马光采取了史实叙述与相关评论前后颠倒、错置,并对重要历史文献进行借用、删节以凸显己意的手法,用于表达自身的施政理念。严衍发现了这段文本中史实与评论颠倒、错置的问题,也发现了司马光对文献的删节使文献失去了原有意义,故在《资治通鉴补》中对这段文字进行了秩序调整,使之符合一般的书写逻辑。同时也将置于原书卷十六末尾一段借用自《史记·平准书》的文字删去,并根据《汉书》原文增补了卷十七开头经司马光删节的董仲舒《天人三策》。本文在分析、比较《资治通鉴》原文与严衍改订后的文字的基础上,指出《资治通鉴》中很多看似有"破绽"的地方,其实隐含了编纂者表达自身理念的深意。对其订补、改写反而消解了文本的原有写作语境,使作者力图借历史叙述予以表达的施政理念湮没不显,而成为一种单纯的历史叙述文本。Ever since Zizhi tongjian（ Comprehensive Mirror in Aid of Governance） came out,numerous works emerged on its annotation,revision,supplementation,rewriting,and continuation,among which Zizhi tongjian bu（ Supplement to Zizhi tongjian） by Ming scholar Yan Yan is a representative at the aspect of revision and supplementation. In dealing with historical events in the 3rdregnal year in the Houyuan Era of Emperor Jing of Han,recorded in Volume 16,and those in the 1stregnal year in the Jianyuan Era of Emperor Wu of Han,recorded in Volume 17,Sima Guang cited relative commentaries before factual narration,with adductions of abridged documents of historical significance, in order to demonstrate his personal political ideas. Yan discovered the reversal and abridgement,which deprived documents of their original meanings,and therefore made adjustments to the writing logic in these parts in his Zizhi tongjian bu. In addition,Yan deleted a piece of quotation from Shiji pingzhunshu（ Equalization,Records of the Grand Historian） at the end of Volume 16 in Zizhi tongjian and supplemented the abridged parts from Dong Zhongshu＇s Tianrensance（ Three Schemes on Heaven and People） to the beginning of Volume17. Based on the comparative analysis of versions by Sima Guang and Yan Yan,the article aims to point out that certain seemingly misarranged parts in Zizhi tongjian actually implies Sima Guang＇s personal ideals. Many revisions,supplementations,and rewritings of Zizhi tongjian have,instead,erased the original context,as well as the underlying political ideas which Sima Guang attempted to communicate through historical narrations.

关 键 词：司马光 严衍 《资治通鉴》 《资治通鉴补》 

分 类 号：K204.3[历史地理—历史学]