浅论生态补偿的正当性——以理论发展史为视角  

On the Legitimacy of Payments for Ecosystem Services: From the Perspective of the History of Theory Development

作　　者：黄琰童[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学研究生院民商经济法学院

出　　处：《中国政法大学学报》2015年第2期79-92,159,共14页Journal Of CUPL

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目--"建立健全资源有偿使用制度和生态补偿制度研究"(项目编号:14AZD050)的研究成果之一

摘　　要：国际社会上关于PES(Payments for Ecosystem Services)的基础理论的研究从提出到发展完善,已经历了五十多年历史。其正当性基础正在经历着一个多元化发展的过程。功利主义主导地位的弱化和公平正义价值的追求,都对现存制度产生着深远的影响。同时,我国从第一次提出"生态补偿"的概念至今,也历经了三十多年的成长期。值得关注的是,因为理论建构的背景和目标都需要时刻结合我国的实际情况,加之在引进国外理论成果时跨过了一些基础理论的孕育期,致使我国生态补偿制度带有显著分配正义形式的倾向。并且在此基础上,对于自由市场模式的愈发重视,使我国的生态补偿理论正当性也呈现出多元化的迹象。本文拟结合国际社会PES理论的发展历史和我国生态补偿自身理论发展的历史,对生态补偿正当性基础进行分析。并从法学研究的视角,对我国生态补偿理论的正当性加以分析并对未来理论发展提出了自己的看法。The basic theory of researches of PES(Payments for Ecosystem Services) from a proposal to development, has experienced 50 years. Its legitimacy is experiencing a diversified development process. When the dominant utilitarianism is weakening, the pursuit of justice and the fair value is influencing the existing system and has a profound impact. Meanwhile, from the first time proposal of the expression 'eco-compensation' concept has also gone through 30 years of growing. It is noteworthy that, since the theoretical construction of the background and goals need to always fit to China's actual situation, it results in ecological compensation system in China with a significant form of distributive justice. And on this basis, to increasingly pay attention to the free market model, the theory of the legitimacy of ecocompensation is also showing signs of diversification. This paper combines theoretical development history of the PES and eco-compensation in China's own theory and analyzes eco-compensation legitimacy basis. And from the perspective of legal research, this paper finally analyzes the legitimacy of the theory of eco-compensation and puts forward our own views of this area in the future.

关 键 词：生态补偿 正当性 罗尔斯 分配正义 矫正正义 

分 类 号：D922.6[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]