易混淆词辨析词典配例设计研究  

Principle for the selection of the examples in the dictionary of confusable words

作　　者：钱旭菁[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学对外汉语教育学院,北京100871

出　　处：《云南师范大学学报（对外汉语教学与研究版）》2015年第2期54-62,共9页Journal of Yunnan Normal University(Teaching & Studying Chinese as a Foreign Language Edition)

基　　金：教育部人文社科重点研究基地重大项目"不同母语背景的汉语学习者词语混淆分布特征及其成因研究"(2009JJD740005)

摘　　要：易混淆词是留学生词汇学习的重点和难点。区分学习者的母语背景、针对学习者偏误的易混淆词辨析词典是留学生掌握汉语易混淆词的重要工具书。文章重点探讨易混淆词词典中例句的功能和例句设计的原则。对大部分语文词典和外向型学习词典来说,例句的主要功能是帮助说明词义、说明词语的用法。而对易混淆词词典来说,这两项功能只是边缘功能,其核心功能是说明一组易混淆词在词义、语法、语用等方面的差异。在例句设计方面,学界已经提出了很多宏观原则,如"典型性"、"趣味性"、"实用性"等。文章提出的是实现这些宏观原则的一些具体原则,例如例句的展示要突出汉外语言的差异、例句的话题和背景信息应具普遍性、例句应尽量提供新信息等。更为重要的是,易混淆词词典的例句设计还有一些有别于其他学习词典的原则:正误配例相结合、根据区别点配以不同层级语言单位的例子、重复某一话题以凸显一组易混淆词的区别点等。Confusable words are a challenge to foreign students in their vocabulary learning.Based on the easily committed errors,the dictionary of confusable words which targets at learners with different native language backgrounds can help foreign students to learn the confusable words effectively.This paper focuses on the selection principle and functions of the examples in such dictionaries.The main functions of the examples in most language dictionaries or dictionaries for foreign learners aim to explicate the lexical meanings and illustrate the usages of words.However the core function of the dictionary of confusable words is to explain the semantic,grammatical and pragmatic differences of confusable words.Based on some macro-principles of exemplification,such as＂typicality＂,＂interest＂and＂applicability＂,this paper brings up some specific principles to implement those macro-principles：the examples should make the differences between different languages prominent;the topic and background information of the examples should be ubiquitous;the examples should present new information.More importantly,there are some principles unique to the dictionary of the confusable words：both correct and incorrect examples are needed;examples of different linguistic levels are needed;the same topic can be repeated to emphasize the distinction of the confusable words.

关 键 词：易混淆词词典 例句设计 例句功能 

分 类 号：H164[语言文字—汉语]