黏土矿物对油气生成的催化作用:研究进展与方向  

Research progress and new direction:Catalysis of clay minerals on oil and gas generation

作　　者：马向贤[1,2,3] 郑建京[1,2] 王晓锋[1,2] 王作栋[1,2] 吴应忠[1,2,3] 钱宇[1,2,3] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃省油气资源研究重点实验室,兰州730000 [2]中国科学院油气资源研究重点实验室,兰州730000 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《岩性油气藏》2015年第2期55-61,69,共8页Lithologic Reservoirs

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目"菱铁矿对低熟气形成的促进作用"(编号:41402129);中国科学院油气资源研究重点实验室开放基金项目"含铁矿物对烃源岩生烃的催化作用"(编号:Y207KF1-MXX);中国科学院西部行动计划项目"准噶尔盆地东部低熟气资源潜力与有利勘探区预测"(编号:KZCX-XB3-12)联合资助

摘　　要：黏土矿物是烃源岩的主要组成部分,但其对油气形成所产生的影响和作用还存在很多争议。大多数研究认为:在开放含水体系中,黏土矿物没有催化作用甚至对生烃有抑制作用;在封闭体系中,黏土矿物对烃类物质的生成具有催化作用。关于黏土矿物的催化作用,一种观点认为黏土矿物的催化大大提高了烃类物质的产率,且增加了生成物中烃的种类;另一种观点认为,黏土矿物的催化只改变产物的组成,而不改变烃类物质的产率。黏土矿物的催化机制主要有正碳离子机制和自由基机制,在地质过程中两者中哪一个起主导作用,尚无统一的认识。目前的研究主要集中在以正碳离子机制支持的催化裂化,缺乏对自由基机理的研究,特别是地质过程中自由基发挥的作用。通过对前人在该领域研究成果的分析,寻求造成研究结果迥异的原因,阐述黏土矿物催化研究的新认识,提出多种地质催化剂协同催化的研究思路。Clay minerals are main component of hydrocarbon source rocks. They play an important role on oil and gas formation. There are a lot of disputes on present and absent of catalyst for catalytic role, and catalytic behavior performance in what aspects. Most of the researches support that clay minerals have no catalytic effect even have inhibitory effect on hydrocarbon generation In the open water system, but have catalysis in the closed system.There are two views on the catalysis of clay minerals. One view is that the catalysis of clay minerals can improve the hydrocarbon production rate,and increase the kinds of products of hydrocarbon; another think is that the catalysis of clay minerals only changes the composition of the product, without changing the hydrocarbon yield. The catalytic mechanisms of clay minerals are mainly carbon ion mechanism and the mechanism of free radical, which one plays a leading role in geological processes is not clear. The present study mainly focused on catalytic cracking supported by carbon ion mechanism which is lack of research on free radical mechanism, especially the role of free radicals playing in geological process. The research achievements of predecessors in this field were analyzed, to seek the causes of different results, expound new understanding of clay minerals catalytic research and put forward collaborative catalytic systems concept.

关 键 词：黏土矿物 油气生成 催化作用 综述 

分 类 号：P574[天文地球—矿物学]